Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Testament Of Abraham s Story At The Beginning Of Genesis

Although the Bible was written thousands of years ago, the lessons expressed by God are just as relevant in today’s world. The Bible, specifically the Book of Genesis, consists of stories that seem outdated, however, these stories illustrate moral lessons that will always be applicable in life. The most prominent lesson is that people must have faith in God in order to trust Him with all of their heart. Particular instances from the lives of Abraham and Joseph provide reasons to believe God is always trustworthy. In the Abraham’s story at the beginning of Genesis, God speaks directly to his people and they are able to speak directly back; by the time of Joseph’s life, God’s presence is less obvious and requires more blind faith. These timeless messages emphasize that all of God’s promises are certain and that his followers must grow to faithfully trust Him. The story of Abraham gives followers reason to believe that God’s promises are absolute. Abraham’s biblical story follows the pattern of God testing his followers’ faith, blessing them and forming a binding covenant with them. Abraham’s story of his faithful journey begins with God saying to him, â€Å"Leave your country, your kindred and your father’s house for a country which I shall show you; and I shall make you a great nation, I shall bless you and make your name famous; you are to be a blessing!† (Genesis 12:1-3) Motivated by God’s offer of fame and fortune, Abraham left his home in Haran and headed to Canaan with hisShow MoreRelatedThe Bible : Finding God Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pageswithin each book, but the main theme that encompasses the whole collection of works is the story of salvation history. Salvation history is the foundation and glue that holds together the wide compilation of books within the Bible. After the Fall of Adam and Eve, salvation history refers to God’s promise of salvation for human kind. The Bible is described as salvation history because the Bible tells the story of humanity’s fall into sin and evil, but there is still hope. When sin entered the worldRead MoreThe Culmination Of A Wonderful And Enlightening Course Offered By Calvary Chapel Bible College2436 Words   |  10 PagesBook of Genesis. The lectures were given by Pastor Clark Van Wick of Calvary Chapel Bible Fellowship, in Temecula, California. Pastor Van Wick not only has a deep knowledge of God s revelation to His people, but he pours out the love of Jesus into his students hearts throughout each lecture. The enthusiasm and joy Pastor Van Wick has for Bible exposition is felt by his students in every verse. Thank you, Pastor Van Wick! The Book of Genesis; its purpose and divisions. The Book of Genesis is theRead MoreBiblical And Historical Perspectives Was A Very Insightful1221 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Perspectives was a very insightful course that I took this semester. At first, I believed that the sole purpose of this course was to comprehend the Bible’s literacy, but eventually I learned that this class went beyond just understanding text(s). According to the syllabus one of the goals for this course was to â€Å"bridge the gap between the symbolic world of biblical texts and our current experience of ourselves and the world, thus enabling students to consciously and intelligently adopt, adaptRead MoreWomen Were Important Factor Of The Old Testament1521 Words   |  7 PagesWomen were important factor of the Old Testament. Their stories are still relevant today and can be learned from. Women were minorities in the Old Testament. They were perceived as only good for creating a first son and doing the hard household labor. After their husband s would come home from battle, they were only worried about one thing, lust and sex. In some cases that will be later mentioned, men would lust over women that they do not even know. The men’s argument is that they were fighting warsRead MoreThe Origin Of Mankind s Creation And History Of The World1955 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals have narrated over the centuries various accounts of mankind s creation and history of the world. The history of a people matter because it provide us with account of the events of the past which can help to understand the happenings in the present and possibly the future. The Biblical account of the world provide us with accounts of the world s beginning, God s purpose for mankind and the commencement of God s relationship with mankind. The initial five books of the Bible referredRead MoreHistory in the Old Testament1241 Words   |  5 PagesNO: 12S03ABT003 DEPARTMENT: UNIVERSITY COMMON COURSES COURSE: UCC 105 OLD TESTAMENT LECTURER: Dr. THUO TASK: DESCRIBE THE HISTORY IN THE OLD TESTAMENT DUE DATE: 28th January, 2013 Introduction The Old Testament was written over a wide historical period, it describes the relationship of God and the people of Israel before the coming of Jesus. To make it easy to explain the history in the Old Testament, I have seen it best to look at it under the following periods: 1. PrimevalRead MoreThe Nature And Activity Of God Essay2261 Words   |  10 Pagesof research done on the gap theory of Genesis 1:1-3. The Hebrew wording in Genesis 1:2 leaves the possibility of an immeasurable amount of time transacting between verse 1 and 3 (page 144 DTIB). I believe that the Holy Spirit has led me to this revelation in my own personal walk with the Lord. I believe for me this is one of those moments where I have experienced growth that has moved me closer in my relationship with God. I agree that the Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 accounts of creation definitely counteractRead MoreChristians Views On Christianity942 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity is one of the three largest religious in the world and Christians always believe that Juses is the Son of God. â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.† (Genesis 1-3) Christians always believe that the God created the people, and developed the whole people’s life. Christians’ belief is that they need to believe the word of God and theseRead MoreWisdom Tradition And The Old Testament Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesWisdom Tradition is a term applied to the Old Testament books of Proverbs, Job, Sirach, Wisdom of Solomon, and Ecclesiastes. Wisdom Tradition books all share characteristics and points of view that are somewhat different than other biblical books. Wisdom tradition has very prominent characteristics from other books in the Old Testament such as a search for the goal of life, how to master it and questioning the problems of life, showing interest to human experiences that affect all people, joy ofRead MoreJoseph, Son Of Jacob Essay2256 Words   |  10 PagesThere are a plethora of stories in the Bible, but one stands out in particular; the story of Joseph. The Hebrew meaning of the name Joseph is â€Å"may Jehovah add, give increase.†1 Through the life of Joseph we see God add meaning and purpose to his life, just as God adds meaning and purpose to all our lives. â€Å"For I know the plans I have for you,† declares the Lord, â€Å"plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.†2 Joseph obediently followed God’s plans through trials

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Human Resources Management-McDonalds - 3120 Words

Abstract The course work starts with the introduction of human resource management. The assignment will try to focus on the concept of human resource management strategies and human resource activities of McDonalds restaurant ltd, the organization where I am working. The objective of this assignment is to relating the models of HR strategies with McDonalds and summarising HR activities like performance management, motivation and rewards and HR planning. For the purpose of HRM strategies I am applying the best practise and best-fit model with McDonalds. Furthermore, it explains the human resource activities of McDonalds restaurant ltd and ending with an appropriate conclusions and recommendations that can improve the HRM strategy, HR†¦show more content†¦(Marching ton Wilkinson, 2002: 177) Comparison of McDonalds HR practices with the components of Best Practice HRM model: (Refer appendices 1) Employment security: To retain the best staff in the organisation McDonalds is paying high rate of pay to the staff plus employee meal discount card to every staff member and everyday free break-meal to every staff member. Selective hiring: more than 40% of staff in McDonalds is promoted internally instead of taking directly from outside. As I used to work in the kitchen at McDonalds but now I am improving bit by bit. Proper training and classes are providing to the staff member for a particular designation. Self managed teams: every crewmember in McDonalds works with the team spirit. A member of head of department takes 3 rounds a month to check the position of a particular store. This will in turn motivates the employee to work in a more efficient way andShow MoreRelatedThe Stance Mcdonald s International Human Resources Management Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagespaper I will discuss the stance McDonald’s takes towards companies going global. The chairman and chief executive officer, Michael R. Quinlan, discussed his standpoint at a conference in Chicago. I will use our text book, International Human Resources Management by Dowling, Festing, Engle Sr (Dowling, Festing, Engle Sr, 2013) and Case 9.1 in the text (Advice for Companies Going Global, 1991). Michael R. Quinlan is the chairman and chief executive officer of McDonald’s Corp. He advises organizationsRead MoreA Research Report On Performance Management Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesResearchers going to do a research in a food franchise (McDonald) that is situated in Invercargill southland, New Zealand. As Performance Management is a part of Human Resource and a big concern have only three main ways such as Tangible Resource, Organisational Resources, and Human Resource. With the development of any industry workforce need of human and organization as a Resource is required. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: Personal management is a systematic process of HR, as in a broader senseRead MoreMcdonalds Hr Issues1506 Words   |  7 PagesAlexsandra Simoes MAN3301 Professor Wendy Powell Due date: October 6, 2010 McDonald’s Human Resources Management Issues One of the reasons for the success of McDonald’s lies with the human resource management. McDonald’s started in 1937 when the brothers Dick and Mac McDonald opened a small family restaurant selling hamburgers and hot dogs in San Bernardino, California. Today McDonald’s became the world’s largest fast food service company with more than 32,000 restaurants and 1.7 million employeesRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Planning and Development: Human resource development is a concept that has existed even before the 1980s and has played an important role in the success, growth, and development of organizations. The emergence of this concept can be attributed to the establishment of apprenticeship programs in the 18th Century (Werner DeSimone, 2011, p.5). The significance of human resource development in today’s business environment is attributed to its role in organizational profitability. Read MoreThe Evolution Of Personnel Management Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss any four key developments in the evolution of personnel management? Personnel management started from the industrial revolution where excess demand of labor resulted in formation of management to manage large number of employees. In industrial revolution the only aim of the companies was to maximize profit and production for which they hire fire people and made them work from dawn to dusk like machines. The role of management was to look after the workers whether they are doing work or notRead MoreMcdonalds 20121006 Words   |  5 PagesToday’s McDonalds for the Future Tamyra Whaley Strayer University HRM532 June 4, 2012 DAVID FOUNTAINE As one of the world’s most famous fast food chains, McDonalds was founded in1937, the McDonalds brother Richard and Maurice opened the first McDonalds restaurants in America. McDonalds today has over 30,000 restaurants in over 100 countries in the world. McDonald’s fight’s to protect is reputation and trade mark. Although good corporate-level strategy is important it is not the most criticalRead MoreCase Study : Mcdonald s Organization1153 Words   |  5 Pagesservice industry. McDonalds also has many license agreements with various partner companies to help them conduct business effectively and profitably. McDonald is recognizable by the classic golden arches spelling ‘M’ above each store. The vision of the company is â€Å"To be the best quick service restaurant experience†. The company operates in over 100 countries and also it has more than 35,000 restaurants, serving more than 68 Million Customers daily. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald s, 2014) The keyRead MoreProject Management And The Changing Psychological Contract812 Words   |  4 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT AND THE CHANGING PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT Dainty et al. (2004) explored the nature and content of psychological contract amongst key management group in construction industry in the UK. 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Historically, organizing involved creating an organization chart by identifying business functions, establishingRead MorePerformance Management System Of Mcdonald s Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: â€Å"Performance management (PM) system is an internal organization system which is used by organization to manage and develop its employee’s work performance. This system usually relates to the rewards, compensation, payroll, staffing, training and development, and career/skills development processes.† (Performance Management System , 2012 ) â€Å"Performance management is an ongoing process of communication between an employer and an employee that occurs whole the year that helps to accomplishing

Monday, December 9, 2019

Skeptical views on noahs ark Essay Example For Students

Skeptical views on noahs ark Essay Skeptical view of the flood mythAs skeptics have long been aware, there was no global flood in the last 5000 years, a boatload of animals did not ground on so-called Mount Ararat or on any mountain, and the worlds animals are not descended from two or seven pairs of each species that lived during the third millennium BC. Nor is there any archaeological proof that a man survived a flood by being on a boat loaded with animals, food, and drinking water. The Noahs Ark book summarized here does not claim historicity for Noah or the ark story, but the book does claim that some of the story elements in the Ancient Near East flood were based on an actual river flood. This archaeologically attested flood of the Euphrates River has been radiocarbon dated to about 2900 BC. This flood left a few feet of yellow mud in the Sumerian city Shuruppak, the ruins of which have been found at Tel Fara about 125 miles southeast of Baghdad. Some but not all Sumerian cities also show signs of this river floo d at the beginning of the Early Dynastic I period. According to the Sumerian King List, a legendary king named Ziusudra lived in Shuruppak at the time of the flood. There was also a flood myth about king Ziusudra which includes several story elements very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Shuruppak was also the flood heros city according to the Epic of Gilgamesh. The flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh was adapted from an earlier myth, the Epic of Atrahasis which is also very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Six of these Ancient Near East flood myths contain numerous distinctive story elements that are very similar to the Genesis flood myth and indicate a literary affinity or dependency on a common body of myths about the flood hero Ziusudra and based on the Euphrates River flood of 2900 BC. Parts of the original myths were physically possible, but other parts were not possible. The possible parts can be treated as an ancient legend to which mythical material was added later. How ever, without contemporary artifacts, it is not possible to prove how much of the original legend was true and how much was fiction based on a real flood. In the Noahs Ark book, the original legend is reconstructed by piecing together fragments from the various surviving editions of the flood myth, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. This reconstruction is governed by the requirement that each story element in the legend be physically possible, technologically practical, consistent with archaeological facts, and plausible for 2900 BC. Some of the impossible story elements were mistranslations or misunderstandings, and these are corrected before including them in the reconstructed legend. The reconstructed legend is this: Ziusudra reigned for ten years as king of Shuruppak, a Sumerian city then on the Euphrates River. Ziusudras reign was at the end of the Jemdet Nasr period that ended with the flood of 2900 BC. Then as now, river barges were used for transporting cargo on the Euphrates R iver. This cargo included livestock, beer, wine, textiles, lumber, stone, metals, dried fish, vegetable oil, and other cargo. In June about 2900 BC during the annual inundation of the Euphrates River, the river was at crest stage. A six-day thunderstorm caused the river to rise about 15 cubits (22 feet) higher and to overflow the levees. By the time the river began to rise, it was already too late to evacuate to the foothills of the mountains 110 miles away. Ziusudra boarded one the the barges that was already loaded with cargo being transported to market. The runaway barge floated down the Euphrates River into the Persian Gulf and grounded in an estuary at the mouth of the river. After moving to dry land, Ziusudra offered a sacrifice to a Sumerian god on an alter at the top of a temple ziggurat, an artificial hill. Later, story tellers mistranslated the ambiguous word for hill as mountain. The story tellers then erroneously assumed that the nearby barge must have grounded on top of a mountain. Additional details in the reconstructed legend about Ziusudra (Noah) can be found in the Noahs Ark book. home pageTour of subjectsFor Old Testament scholarsThe Noahs Ark book reviewed here does not claim historicity for Noah or the ark story, but the book does claim that some of the story elements in the Ancient Near East flood were based on an actual river flood. This archaeologically attested flood of the Euphrates River has been radiocarbon dated to about 2900 BC. This flood left a few feet of yellow mud in the Sumerian city Shuruppak about 125 miles southeast of Baghdad. Some but not all Sumerian cities also show signs of this river flood at the beginning of the Early Dynastic I period. According to the Sumerian King List, a legendary king named Ziusudra lived in Shuruppak at the time of the flood. Zuisudra was the Sumerian Noah. There was also a flood myth about king Ziusudra which includes several story elements very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Noah was a Sumerian king of Shuruppak and son of Lamech (SU.KUR.LAM in Sumerian) who preceded Noah as king of Shuruppak. Shuruppak was the flood heros city according to the Epic of Gilgamesh. The flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh was adapted from an earlier myth, the Epic of Atrahasis which is also very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Six of these Ancient Near East flood myths contain numerous distinctive story elements that are very similar to the Genesis flood myth and indicate a literary affinity or dependency on a common body of legends about the flood hero Ziusudra (Noah) and based on the Euphrates River flood of 2900 BC. Parts of the original myths were physically possible, but other parts were not possible. The possible parts can be treated as an ancient legend to which mythical material was added later. In the Noahs Ark book, the original legend is reconstructed by piecing together fragments from the various surviving editions of the flood story, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. This reconstruction is governed by the requirement that each story element in the legend be physically possible, technolog ically practical, consistent with archaeological facts, and plausible for 2900 BC. Some of the impossible story elements were mistranslations or misunderstandings, and these are corrected before including them in the reconstructed legend. These are some examples of mistakes: The ambiguous word for hill or country was mistranslated as mountain. The words that identified the flood as a river flood were changed to indicate an ocean deluge. The archaic number signs in which the Genesis 5 numbers and Noahs age were recorded, were mistranslated which made them about ten times their original value. The flood of Genesis 6-7 was confused with the waters of Genesis 8. A journey on foot to Mount Judi in the Mountains of Ararat was confused with a journey on the water of the Persian Gulf. The numbers in the Sumerian King List were also mistraslated by an ancient scribe. The reconstructed legend is this: Ziusudra reigned for ten years as king of Shuruppak, a Sumerian city then on the Euphrates River. Ziusudras reign was at the end of the Jemdet Nasr period that ended with the flood of 2900 BC. Then as now, river barges were used for transporting cargo on the Euphrates River. This cargo included livestock, beer, wine, textiles, lumber, stone, metals, dried fish, vegetable oil, and other cargo. In June about 2900 BC during the annual inundation of the Euphrates River, the river was at crest stage. A six-day thunderstorm caused the river to rise about 15 cubits (22 feet) higher and overflow the levees. By the time the river began to rise, it was already too late to evacuate to the foothills of the mountains 110 miles away. Ziusudra boarded one the the barges that was already loaded with cargo being transported to market. The runaway barge floated down the Euphrates River into the Persian Gulf and grounded in an estuary at the mouth of the river. After m oving to dry land, Ziusudra offered a sacrifice to a Sumerian god on an alter at the top of a temple ziggurat, an artificial hill. Later, story tellers mistranslated the ambiguous word for hill as mountain. The story tellers then erroneously assumed that the nearby barge must have grounded on top of a mountain. Additional details in the reconstructed legend about Ziusudra (Noah) can be found in the Noahs Ark book. Answers to Creationists argumentsNoahs flood is the keystone in the belief system of the young-earth creationists who believe the flood was global and created massive geological changes in the earths crust. But there was no global flood. Creationist arguments are printed here in boldface:According to Genesis 7:19-20 all the high mountains under the whole sky were covered with flood water. The waters prevailed above the mountains, covering them 15 cubits deep. The reference to 15 cubits (22 feet) refers to the draft of the ark. Mountains is a mistranslation of the Hebrew word harm meaning hills in this context. The King James Version of Genesis 7:19 translates hills correctly. There is no mention of draft or deep or depth in the Hebrew text of Genesis 7:20. A literal translation from Hebrew is Five ten cubits upward rose the waters and they covered the hills. Note that hills is not in the same clause as cubits or rose. The 15 cubits was how much the water rose, not how deep the water was. The depths would be different at different places. The tops of the hills in the clause and they covered the hills were less than 15 cubits above the normal water level during the annual inundation and were therefore covered when the water rose 15 cubits higher. Under the whole sky means within Noahs visible horizon. All of the hills within Noahs visible horizon were covered by the water when the river rose 15 cubits. If the flood water had been more than ten thousand cubits deep, the authors of Genesis would have said so. Fifteen cubits is consistent with a local flood. The flood continued for more than one year. This cannot be reconciled with a local-flood theory. If nothing could be seen but the tops of mountains after the waters had subsided for 74 days, we must conclude that the flood covered the whole earth. All commentators have assumed that the flood mentioned in Genesis 7:6-17 was the same as the deep waters that lasted more than a year. But nowhere in Genesis 8 is the word flood mentioned. Noahs encounters with deep water were in two phases: a river flood phase that lasted less than a week and a deep water phase that lasted a year. The river flood floated Noahs barge down into the Persian Gulf and the barge floated about the deep water of the Gulf for a year. The deep water that Noah experienced for a year was not a flood; it was the deep water of the Persian Gulf. The tops of hills above the water surface are commonly called islands. If only islands could be seen after the water became more shallow for 74 days, it means only that Noahs barge was still several miles or more from the shore and dry land beyond the horizon. Deep water in the Persian Gulf for more than a year is consistent with a local river flood. According to Genesis 7:11, all the fountains of the great deep were broken up. The great deep refers to oceanic depths and underground reservoirs. Presumably, the ocean basins were fractured and uplifted sufficiently to pour water over the continents. This continued for five months. Such vast and prolonged geologic upheavals in the oceanic depths cannot be reconciled with a local flood theory. Instead this upheaval was global. The Hebrew word baqa translated as broken up in the King James version is translated burst forth in the Revised Standard Version and New International Version. The Hebrew word mayan for fountain can also mean a well or spring which share a common meaning: a source of water. References to sources of sea water breaking or bursting may have meant only that water from the Persian Gulf was bursting onto the shore during a storm. This frequently happens along a seashore during a storm. Noah and the others could not report on oceanic depths because they would have no way of knowing what was happening at oceanic depths. Bursting of Gulf water onto the shore during a thunderstorm was a local condition. The Ark was unusually large. For Noah to have built a vessel of such huge magnitude simply for the purpose of escaping a local flood is inconceivable. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the Uni EssayCould Noah have been so ignorant of the topography of southwestern Asia, where the highest mountains of the world are located, as to actually think that the Flood covered all the high mountains everywhere under the heavens (Genesis 7:19), when it really covered only a few foothills?Noah may have known about the Zagros Mountains 110 miles east of Shuruppak. But since he could not see beyond the horizon, he would have no knowledge of whether the Zagros Mountains were flooded or not. He reported only what he could see and he could see only sky and water, because he was several miles from shore. From Noahs point of view, the whole world was flooded and all the high hills (less than 15 cubits high) were covered. Note that the word hills is used in the King James Version of Genesis 7:19. Mountains is a mistranslation in other versions of Genesis 7:19. A flood in Armenia 17,000 feet deep while Egypt or India were not flooded would be a more incredible miracle than anything implied by the traditional understanding of a universal flood. The flood water rose 15 cubits (Genesis 7:20) and had no connection with a 17,000 foot mountain. Mountains is a mistranslation. The flood covered hills not mountains. Additional creationist arguments are answered in chapter 13 of the Noahs Ark bookFrequently Asked QuestionsQuestions are in bold face. Answers are in regular type. Was Noahs flood story fiction or fact?Much of the flood story was fiction, but there was a real river flood on which the original flood legend was based. Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah was listed in the Sumerian King List and therefore may have been a real person, but there is no hard evidence that Noah/Ziusudra existed. Was there a global flood?No. The flood of Noah was a Euphrates River flood in southern Sumer similar to the flood of 1985 in southern Iraq. The earth in Genesis 7:17-18 refers to the ground/land in the flooded region, not the entire planet. Did the ark ground on Mount Ararat?No. Mount Ararat was not involved in the original flood legend. The ark grounded in an estuary at the mouth of the Euphrates River. The mountains of Ararat got involved in the story because Noahs son Shem traveled on foot to the mountains of Ararat after the barge grounded. Story tellers confused the mountain that Noahs son visited with the hill on which Noah offered a sacrifice. The ark never came close to a mountain. But doesnt the Epic of Gilgamesh have the ark grounding on Mount Nisir?No. The word KUR usually translated Mount can mean mound or country. The river barge grounded on a mound of mud or sand in an estuary at the mouth of the river. When did the flood occur?The Euphrates River flooded about 2900 BC at the end of the Jemdet Nasr period and the beginning of the Early Dynastic period. This river flood left a few feet of yellow mud in Shuruppak and a few other Sumerian cities. Polychrome pottery from the Jemdet Nasr period was found immediately below this flood lawyer. Hence Noah/Ziusudra reigned during the end of the Jemdet Nasr period. The flood layer has been radiocarbon dated to 2900 BC. How did Noah build such a large boat without help?He had lots of help. Noah was a king and kings delegate responsibility to managers who hire workmen to do the job. Noah did not build the ark with his own hands. How could a wooden ark 450 feet long withstand the stresses from a storm and not break up?The ark was not a mono-hull galleon, it was an array of small flat-bottom pontoons roped together. Large modern river barges are also assembled from dozens of small barges chained together. What was gopher wood?Gopher wood was a transliteration of gish gipar (meadow wood) or kupar (cypress wood). How could all species of animals fit in the ark?They didnt. All of the kinds of animals that Noah had in his stockyard were put in the ark, but these were domesticated ranch animals and there were less than 280 of them. How could the animals know when to come to the ark and where to find it?The owners of the animals had their herdsmen take the animals to the ark to be transported as cargo. Noah had his herdsmen load into the barge all of the livestock in his stockyards. How did Noah prevent all the other people in his city from boarding the ark?He didnt have to. The other people climbed high hills far from the river.These hills are not mentioned in Genesis 7:19-20 because they were too far from the river for Noah to see. Did everybody drown in the flood except Noah and his family? Are all the people of of the world descended from Noah?No. Everybody did not drown. Hundreds, possibly thousands of Sumerians drowned in the flooded area, but there were many thousands of survivors of Noahs river flood, even in his own city, and especially in distant lands not affected by the flood. Did people live to be more than 900 years before the flood?No. That was an ancient mistranslation of archaic numbers. Noah lived to be 83. How could Noah know years in advance that a flood was coming to provide enough time to build the ark?The ark was not built as a lifeboat. It was built long before the flood as a commercial river barge for transporting cattle, grain, and other cargo. Noah learned that the flood was coming only when he saw heavy rain falling. This was a few hours before the river overflowed the levees. Noah did not know the flood was coming when he commissioned building the river barge. How do you explain the conflict between the 1-year flood in Genesis 8:13 and the 6-day flood in Gilgamesh XI,129-131?There is no conflict. The river flood lasted 6 days. During the rest of the year the ark was drifting about the Persian Gulf. Genesis 8 refers to the waters and does not use the word flood or ocean or sea. Legends about Noahs flood can be found all over the world, such as the Hawaiian legend about the god Kane sending a flood and only Nuu escaped in a large boat that grounded on a mountain. Doesnt this prove that Noahs flood was global?No. Wherever there are rivers there are floods and local storytellers tell stories about these local floods. Later when Europeans taught the Genesis stories to the Hawaiians, local storytellers incorporated the name Nuu and the mountain into the older Hawaiian river flood story. How did the kangaroos get from Mount Ararat to Australia?There were no kangaroos in Noahs barge. Kangaroos are not mentioned in Genesis nor in Deuteronomy 14:4-18 where the kinds of clean and unclean animals are listed. But Genesis 6:19 says every living thing.Noah loaded into the barge every living animal that he had. He did not load any animals he did not have. The 15 cubits in Genesis 7:20 must refer to the draft of the ark when it grounded on Mount Ararat and cannot refer to how much the water rose. Otherwise how could only 15 cubits of water cover mountains?Mountains were not involved. Sumer was very flat. All the hills that Noah could see were less than 15 cubits high and therefore were submerged when the water rose 15 cubits. If the flood was a local flood, why would Noah bother with a boat? Why not just move the animals and family overland to the foothills of the Zagros mountains?Your hidden assumption is that Noah knew long in advance that the flood was coming. Actually he knew the flood was coming only when heavy rain began to fall. By then it was too late to travel to the mountains that were more than a hundred miles away. How did Noah know the flood was coming?During the annual inundation, the Euphrates River was at crest stage just below the top of the levees. When Noah saw heavy rain falling in the distance, he knew the river would be rising in a few hours. He did not have to be a metorologist to understand that the river would soon overflow the levees. Why did Noah offer a sacrifice after the ark grounded?It was the duty of ship captains to offer sacrifices to the gods at a local temple when their boats arrived safely. More questions are answered in chapter 12 of the Noahs Ark book. Noah was king of ShuruppakAccording to the Genesis version of the flood story, Noah was closely associated with animals. But he was not a mere shepherd or cattle rancher. In the Epic of Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah is repeatedly called a king or chief (lugal). According to the Weld-Blundell king list WB-62, Ziusudra (Noah) was king of the city-state Shuruppak. Lugal literally means great man and was normally a young man of outstanding qualities from a rich landowning family. The flood hero was a respected leader who spoke to the city people and the elders of Shuruppak according to Gilgamesh XI,35 and Atrahasis III,i,39-41. In the WB-62 king list, Ziusudra (Noah) succeeded his father as king of Shuruppak. The flood of 2900 B.C. deposited sediment in Shuruppak directly above artifacts from the Jemdet Nasr period. Hence, the flood hero was probably chief executive of Shuruppak during the end of the Jemdet Nasr period and the flood story began to circulate during the Early Dynastic I peri od that followed the flood. Shuruppak was then a capital city and a commercial center located on the Euphrates River. As head of the Shuruppak city-state government, Noah was probably a wealthy land owner. Wealthy people then invested in cattle and other domesticated animals and so apparently did Noah. A clue to what he did with these animals is found in Gilgamesh XI, 81-82: All I had of silver I loaded, all I had of gold I loaded into the boat. Gold and silver were not a common medium of exchange prior to minting of standard-weight coins in the seventh century BC. In earlier times, gold and silver were used largely by professional merchants and those involved in caravan trade. Possessing gold and silver, Noah was probably a merchant or government trade official before becoming chief executive of Shuruppak. Perhaps he owned a private merchanting business or managed foreign trade for his father, king of Shuruppak. Early in his career, Noah probably controlled large numbers of workers who transported livestock and other commodities in overland caravans and on small river barges to nearby cities. His workers may also have grown grain, hay and other crops near Shuruppak to feed the animals and to have surplus fodder and food to sell. Noah also had a vineyard (Genesis 9:20) which suggests he had a winery business. As a wealthy leader of the city-state Shuruppak, Noah would have access to the labor and materials needed to build a large commercial barge. Although popular versions of the story have Noah being ridiculed by the townspeople, actually the elders of Shuruppak probably encouraged and supported building of the barge under control of their own leader Noah, because they may have envisioned that the barge would substantially increase their own personal wealth and the wealth of Shuruppak. Noah promoted this vision and told the elders that the gods would shower plenty on you, an abundance of birds, a profusion of fish when the new barge became operational. For several weeks each year, Noahs barge probably hauled cargo to cities on the Euphrates River including the port city Ur then near the mouth of the river. Although surviving versions of the flood story suggest that the flood hero rode on the barge only once, and that the barge made only one voyage, it is not likely that the storm and flood happened at exactly the right moment to interrupt the barges maiden voyage. It is more likely that the barge was used many times to transport cargo, but without Noah on board. Kings have better things to do with their time than to ride on cattle barges. Only the final voyage was mentioned in the story, because that may have been one of the few times or the only time that Noah rode on the barge.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Viet Nam Essay Paper Example For Students

Viet Nam Essay Paper By Gerard ChretienTactics in Vietnam were an important factor in the victory of the Vietcong over the U.S. There were fundamental differences in their fighting methods, which the Vietcong were able to take full advantage of. The Vietcong used Guerrilla warfare, this meant that they used their knowledge of the area they were fighting in to hinder the U.S. The U.S army had been used to conventional warfare, in the form of bouts of fighting. Guerrilla warfare meant that they had to be constantly alert and Booby traps meant that many soldiers died and witnessed horrific deaths. This was naturally unnerving for the soldiers concerned, particularly so because many of the soldiers were young and inexperienced. The technology of the U.S was far superior to that of the Vietcong and yet it was ultimately ineffectual. One weapon, which the U.S thought would be important, was Bombs. At first the U.S bombed specific targets. When they realized that had little effect, they began blanket bombing, t his was known as Operation Rolling Thunder. Massive amounts of explosives were dropped on Vietnam, three times as much explosives was dropped than on Germany and Japan put together during World War 2. However, the Vietcong countered this with anti-aircraft guns, surface to air missiles, aid from soviet planes, and a network of tunnels. The U.S believed these to be simply to take cover from the bombing, in-fact they were also effectively used to ambush the U.S. Bombing had very little effect on the Vietcong it simply increased their determination, they in fact used it to their advantage by re-using unexploded bombs or shrapnel. The main tactic employed by the U.S was known as search and destroy. This meant hunting down and killing Vietcong. The Vietcong used a similar tactic called find and kill, although this was conceptually the same as search and destroy it was much more successful. One reason for this was that the U.S soldiers wore uniforms and were easier to pick out. Another re ason was that the U.S soldiers had to contend with Vietcong mines and booby traps. These included what was known as a Punji trap, which was a deep hole filled with spikes covered with poison of faeces. Another was the Bouncing Betty which was a mine under the soil with three prongs that when steed on would explode. It was extremely disconcerting for soldiers to know that their next step could be their last. This caused a whole host of mental problems for the U.S soldiers. Booby traps accounted for %11 of deaths and %17 of wounds in the war. The U.S used pacification, to win the hearts and minds of the South Vietnamese. This meant that help was given to the villages. Schools and hospitals were built. This policy was a success; many South Vietnamese remained in support of the Americans and were immune to the persuasive talk of communist infiltrators. However those who were already convinced as to the virtues of communism would not be swayed. The Vietcong used statistics such as the ta lly of American planes being shot down, in order to keep up morale and keep the troops faithful and devoted. The unbelievable dedication of the Vietcong soldiers was a major factor in the success of the communists. They increased their popularity by using infiltration techniques; this was very successful, as infiltrators were very hard to detect The Vietcong had a seemingly endless supply of soldiers, who would willingly die out of devotion to communism. Most Americans did not feel so strongly about the collapse of communism, and found the hell that soldiers had to go through quite unacceptable. The point is that the Vietcong were prepared for. The American population was lied to about the military strength of the Vietcong. Obviously propaganda was a vital part of getting people to join up. Lies were necessary, but they were not psychologically sound lies. The shock of finding that the Vietcong were an incredibly organized, strong and spirited fighting force crushed the morale of th e U.S. General Westmoreland (the top U.S commander in Vietnam) believed that the U.S could win a war of attrition. 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