Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Testament Of Abraham s Story At The Beginning Of Genesis

Although the Bible was written thousands of years ago, the lessons expressed by God are just as relevant in today’s world. The Bible, specifically the Book of Genesis, consists of stories that seem outdated, however, these stories illustrate moral lessons that will always be applicable in life. The most prominent lesson is that people must have faith in God in order to trust Him with all of their heart. Particular instances from the lives of Abraham and Joseph provide reasons to believe God is always trustworthy. In the Abraham’s story at the beginning of Genesis, God speaks directly to his people and they are able to speak directly back; by the time of Joseph’s life, God’s presence is less obvious and requires more blind faith. These timeless messages emphasize that all of God’s promises are certain and that his followers must grow to faithfully trust Him. The story of Abraham gives followers reason to believe that God’s promises are absolute. Abraham’s biblical story follows the pattern of God testing his followers’ faith, blessing them and forming a binding covenant with them. Abraham’s story of his faithful journey begins with God saying to him, â€Å"Leave your country, your kindred and your father’s house for a country which I shall show you; and I shall make you a great nation, I shall bless you and make your name famous; you are to be a blessing!† (Genesis 12:1-3) Motivated by God’s offer of fame and fortune, Abraham left his home in Haran and headed to Canaan with hisShow MoreRelatedThe Bible : Finding God Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pageswithin each book, but the main theme that encompasses the whole collection of works is the story of salvation history. Salvation history is the foundation and glue that holds together the wide compilation of books within the Bible. After the Fall of Adam and Eve, salvation history refers to God’s promise of salvation for human kind. The Bible is described as salvation history because the Bible tells the story of humanity’s fall into sin and evil, but there is still hope. When sin entered the worldRead MoreThe Culmination Of A Wonderful And Enlightening Course Offered By Calvary Chapel Bible College2436 Words   |  10 PagesBook of Genesis. The lectures were given by Pastor Clark Van Wick of Calvary Chapel Bible Fellowship, in Temecula, California. Pastor Van Wick not only has a deep knowledge of God s revelation to His people, but he pours out the love of Jesus into his students hearts throughout each lecture. The enthusiasm and joy Pastor Van Wick has for Bible exposition is felt by his students in every verse. Thank you, Pastor Van Wick! The Book of Genesis; its purpose and divisions. The Book of Genesis is theRead MoreBiblical And Historical Perspectives Was A Very Insightful1221 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Perspectives was a very insightful course that I took this semester. At first, I believed that the sole purpose of this course was to comprehend the Bible’s literacy, but eventually I learned that this class went beyond just understanding text(s). According to the syllabus one of the goals for this course was to â€Å"bridge the gap between the symbolic world of biblical texts and our current experience of ourselves and the world, thus enabling students to consciously and intelligently adopt, adaptRead MoreWomen Were Important Factor Of The Old Testament1521 Words   |  7 PagesWomen were important factor of the Old Testament. Their stories are still relevant today and can be learned from. Women were minorities in the Old Testament. They were perceived as only good for creating a first son and doing the hard household labor. After their husband s would come home from battle, they were only worried about one thing, lust and sex. In some cases that will be later mentioned, men would lust over women that they do not even know. The men’s argument is that they were fighting warsRead MoreThe Origin Of Mankind s Creation And History Of The World1955 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals have narrated over the centuries various accounts of mankind s creation and history of the world. The history of a people matter because it provide us with account of the events of the past which can help to understand the happenings in the present and possibly the future. The Biblical account of the world provide us with accounts of the world s beginning, God s purpose for mankind and the commencement of God s relationship with mankind. The initial five books of the Bible referredRead MoreHistory in the Old Testament1241 Words   |  5 PagesNO: 12S03ABT003 DEPARTMENT: UNIVERSITY COMMON COURSES COURSE: UCC 105 OLD TESTAMENT LECTURER: Dr. THUO TASK: DESCRIBE THE HISTORY IN THE OLD TESTAMENT DUE DATE: 28th January, 2013 Introduction The Old Testament was written over a wide historical period, it describes the relationship of God and the people of Israel before the coming of Jesus. To make it easy to explain the history in the Old Testament, I have seen it best to look at it under the following periods: 1. PrimevalRead MoreThe Nature And Activity Of God Essay2261 Words   |  10 Pagesof research done on the gap theory of Genesis 1:1-3. The Hebrew wording in Genesis 1:2 leaves the possibility of an immeasurable amount of time transacting between verse 1 and 3 (page 144 DTIB). I believe that the Holy Spirit has led me to this revelation in my own personal walk with the Lord. I believe for me this is one of those moments where I have experienced growth that has moved me closer in my relationship with God. I agree that the Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 accounts of creation definitely counteractRead MoreChristians Views On Christianity942 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity is one of the three largest religious in the world and Christians always believe that Juses is the Son of God. â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.† (Genesis 1-3) Christians always believe that the God created the people, and developed the whole people’s life. Christians’ belief is that they need to believe the word of God and theseRead MoreWisdom Tradition And The Old Testament Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesWisdom Tradition is a term applied to the Old Testament books of Proverbs, Job, Sirach, Wisdom of Solomon, and Ecclesiastes. Wisdom Tradition books all share characteristics and points of view that are somewhat different than other biblical books. Wisdom tradition has very prominent characteristics from other books in the Old Testament such as a search for the goal of life, how to master it and questioning the problems of life, showing interest to human experiences that affect all people, joy ofRead MoreJoseph, Son Of Jacob Essay2256 Words   |  10 PagesThere are a plethora of stories in the Bible, but one stands out in particular; the story of Joseph. The Hebrew meaning of the name Joseph is â€Å"may Jehovah add, give increase.†1 Through the life of Joseph we see God add meaning and purpose to his life, just as God adds meaning and purpose to all our lives. â€Å"For I know the plans I have for you,† declares the Lord, â€Å"plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.†2 Joseph obediently followed God’s plans through trials

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Human Resources Management-McDonalds - 3120 Words

Abstract The course work starts with the introduction of human resource management. The assignment will try to focus on the concept of human resource management strategies and human resource activities of McDonalds restaurant ltd, the organization where I am working. The objective of this assignment is to relating the models of HR strategies with McDonalds and summarising HR activities like performance management, motivation and rewards and HR planning. For the purpose of HRM strategies I am applying the best practise and best-fit model with McDonalds. Furthermore, it explains the human resource activities of McDonalds restaurant ltd and ending with an appropriate conclusions and recommendations that can improve the HRM strategy, HR†¦show more content†¦(Marching ton Wilkinson, 2002: 177) Comparison of McDonalds HR practices with the components of Best Practice HRM model: (Refer appendices 1) Employment security: To retain the best staff in the organisation McDonalds is paying high rate of pay to the staff plus employee meal discount card to every staff member and everyday free break-meal to every staff member. Selective hiring: more than 40% of staff in McDonalds is promoted internally instead of taking directly from outside. As I used to work in the kitchen at McDonalds but now I am improving bit by bit. Proper training and classes are providing to the staff member for a particular designation. Self managed teams: every crewmember in McDonalds works with the team spirit. A member of head of department takes 3 rounds a month to check the position of a particular store. This will in turn motivates the employee to work in a more efficient way andShow MoreRelatedThe Stance Mcdonald s International Human Resources Management Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagespaper I will discuss the stance McDonald’s takes towards companies going global. The chairman and chief executive officer, Michael R. Quinlan, discussed his standpoint at a conference in Chicago. I will use our text book, International Human Resources Management by Dowling, Festing, Engle Sr (Dowling, Festing, Engle Sr, 2013) and Case 9.1 in the text (Advice for Companies Going Global, 1991). Michael R. Quinlan is the chairman and chief executive officer of McDonald’s Corp. He advises organizationsRead MoreA Research Report On Performance Management Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesResearchers going to do a research in a food franchise (McDonald) that is situated in Invercargill southland, New Zealand. As Performance Management is a part of Human Resource and a big concern have only three main ways such as Tangible Resource, Organisational Resources, and Human Resource. With the development of any industry workforce need of human and organization as a Resource is required. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: Personal management is a systematic process of HR, as in a broader senseRead MoreMcdonalds Hr Issues1506 Words   |  7 PagesAlexsandra Simoes MAN3301 Professor Wendy Powell Due date: October 6, 2010 McDonald’s Human Resources Management Issues One of the reasons for the success of McDonald’s lies with the human resource management. McDonald’s started in 1937 when the brothers Dick and Mac McDonald opened a small family restaurant selling hamburgers and hot dogs in San Bernardino, California. Today McDonald’s became the world’s largest fast food service company with more than 32,000 restaurants and 1.7 million employeesRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Planning and Development: Human resource development is a concept that has existed even before the 1980s and has played an important role in the success, growth, and development of organizations. The emergence of this concept can be attributed to the establishment of apprenticeship programs in the 18th Century (Werner DeSimone, 2011, p.5). The significance of human resource development in today’s business environment is attributed to its role in organizational profitability. Read MoreThe Evolution Of Personnel Management Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss any four key developments in the evolution of personnel management? Personnel management started from the industrial revolution where excess demand of labor resulted in formation of management to manage large number of employees. In industrial revolution the only aim of the companies was to maximize profit and production for which they hire fire people and made them work from dawn to dusk like machines. The role of management was to look after the workers whether they are doing work or notRead MoreMcdonalds 20121006 Words   |  5 PagesToday’s McDonalds for the Future Tamyra Whaley Strayer University HRM532 June 4, 2012 DAVID FOUNTAINE As one of the world’s most famous fast food chains, McDonalds was founded in1937, the McDonalds brother Richard and Maurice opened the first McDonalds restaurants in America. McDonalds today has over 30,000 restaurants in over 100 countries in the world. McDonald’s fight’s to protect is reputation and trade mark. Although good corporate-level strategy is important it is not the most criticalRead MoreCase Study : Mcdonald s Organization1153 Words   |  5 Pagesservice industry. McDonalds also has many license agreements with various partner companies to help them conduct business effectively and profitably. McDonald is recognizable by the classic golden arches spelling ‘M’ above each store. The vision of the company is â€Å"To be the best quick service restaurant experience†. The company operates in over 100 countries and also it has more than 35,000 restaurants, serving more than 68 Million Customers daily. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald s, 2014) The keyRead MoreProject Management And The Changing Psychological Contract812 Words   |  4 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT AND THE CHANGING PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT Dainty et al. (2004) explored the nature and content of psychological contract amongst key management group in construction industry in the UK. 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Historically, organizing involved creating an organization chart by identifying business functions, establishingRead MorePerformance Management System Of Mcdonald s Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: â€Å"Performance management (PM) system is an internal organization system which is used by organization to manage and develop its employee’s work performance. This system usually relates to the rewards, compensation, payroll, staffing, training and development, and career/skills development processes.† (Performance Management System , 2012 ) â€Å"Performance management is an ongoing process of communication between an employer and an employee that occurs whole the year that helps to accomplishing

Monday, December 9, 2019

Skeptical views on noahs ark Essay Example For Students

Skeptical views on noahs ark Essay Skeptical view of the flood mythAs skeptics have long been aware, there was no global flood in the last 5000 years, a boatload of animals did not ground on so-called Mount Ararat or on any mountain, and the worlds animals are not descended from two or seven pairs of each species that lived during the third millennium BC. Nor is there any archaeological proof that a man survived a flood by being on a boat loaded with animals, food, and drinking water. The Noahs Ark book summarized here does not claim historicity for Noah or the ark story, but the book does claim that some of the story elements in the Ancient Near East flood were based on an actual river flood. This archaeologically attested flood of the Euphrates River has been radiocarbon dated to about 2900 BC. This flood left a few feet of yellow mud in the Sumerian city Shuruppak, the ruins of which have been found at Tel Fara about 125 miles southeast of Baghdad. Some but not all Sumerian cities also show signs of this river floo d at the beginning of the Early Dynastic I period. According to the Sumerian King List, a legendary king named Ziusudra lived in Shuruppak at the time of the flood. There was also a flood myth about king Ziusudra which includes several story elements very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Shuruppak was also the flood heros city according to the Epic of Gilgamesh. The flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh was adapted from an earlier myth, the Epic of Atrahasis which is also very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Six of these Ancient Near East flood myths contain numerous distinctive story elements that are very similar to the Genesis flood myth and indicate a literary affinity or dependency on a common body of myths about the flood hero Ziusudra and based on the Euphrates River flood of 2900 BC. Parts of the original myths were physically possible, but other parts were not possible. The possible parts can be treated as an ancient legend to which mythical material was added later. How ever, without contemporary artifacts, it is not possible to prove how much of the original legend was true and how much was fiction based on a real flood. In the Noahs Ark book, the original legend is reconstructed by piecing together fragments from the various surviving editions of the flood myth, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. This reconstruction is governed by the requirement that each story element in the legend be physically possible, technologically practical, consistent with archaeological facts, and plausible for 2900 BC. Some of the impossible story elements were mistranslations or misunderstandings, and these are corrected before including them in the reconstructed legend. The reconstructed legend is this: Ziusudra reigned for ten years as king of Shuruppak, a Sumerian city then on the Euphrates River. Ziusudras reign was at the end of the Jemdet Nasr period that ended with the flood of 2900 BC. Then as now, river barges were used for transporting cargo on the Euphrates R iver. This cargo included livestock, beer, wine, textiles, lumber, stone, metals, dried fish, vegetable oil, and other cargo. In June about 2900 BC during the annual inundation of the Euphrates River, the river was at crest stage. A six-day thunderstorm caused the river to rise about 15 cubits (22 feet) higher and to overflow the levees. By the time the river began to rise, it was already too late to evacuate to the foothills of the mountains 110 miles away. Ziusudra boarded one the the barges that was already loaded with cargo being transported to market. The runaway barge floated down the Euphrates River into the Persian Gulf and grounded in an estuary at the mouth of the river. After moving to dry land, Ziusudra offered a sacrifice to a Sumerian god on an alter at the top of a temple ziggurat, an artificial hill. Later, story tellers mistranslated the ambiguous word for hill as mountain. The story tellers then erroneously assumed that the nearby barge must have grounded on top of a mountain. Additional details in the reconstructed legend about Ziusudra (Noah) can be found in the Noahs Ark book. home pageTour of subjectsFor Old Testament scholarsThe Noahs Ark book reviewed here does not claim historicity for Noah or the ark story, but the book does claim that some of the story elements in the Ancient Near East flood were based on an actual river flood. This archaeologically attested flood of the Euphrates River has been radiocarbon dated to about 2900 BC. This flood left a few feet of yellow mud in the Sumerian city Shuruppak about 125 miles southeast of Baghdad. Some but not all Sumerian cities also show signs of this river flood at the beginning of the Early Dynastic I period. According to the Sumerian King List, a legendary king named Ziusudra lived in Shuruppak at the time of the flood. Zuisudra was the Sumerian Noah. There was also a flood myth about king Ziusudra which includes several story elements very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Noah was a Sumerian king of Shuruppak and son of Lamech (SU.KUR.LAM in Sumerian) who preceded Noah as king of Shuruppak. Shuruppak was the flood heros city according to the Epic of Gilgamesh. The flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh was adapted from an earlier myth, the Epic of Atrahasis which is also very similar to the Genesis flood myth. Six of these Ancient Near East flood myths contain numerous distinctive story elements that are very similar to the Genesis flood myth and indicate a literary affinity or dependency on a common body of legends about the flood hero Ziusudra (Noah) and based on the Euphrates River flood of 2900 BC. Parts of the original myths were physically possible, but other parts were not possible. The possible parts can be treated as an ancient legend to which mythical material was added later. In the Noahs Ark book, the original legend is reconstructed by piecing together fragments from the various surviving editions of the flood story, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. This reconstruction is governed by the requirement that each story element in the legend be physically possible, technolog ically practical, consistent with archaeological facts, and plausible for 2900 BC. Some of the impossible story elements were mistranslations or misunderstandings, and these are corrected before including them in the reconstructed legend. These are some examples of mistakes: The ambiguous word for hill or country was mistranslated as mountain. The words that identified the flood as a river flood were changed to indicate an ocean deluge. The archaic number signs in which the Genesis 5 numbers and Noahs age were recorded, were mistranslated which made them about ten times their original value. The flood of Genesis 6-7 was confused with the waters of Genesis 8. A journey on foot to Mount Judi in the Mountains of Ararat was confused with a journey on the water of the Persian Gulf. The numbers in the Sumerian King List were also mistraslated by an ancient scribe. The reconstructed legend is this: Ziusudra reigned for ten years as king of Shuruppak, a Sumerian city then on the Euphrates River. Ziusudras reign was at the end of the Jemdet Nasr period that ended with the flood of 2900 BC. Then as now, river barges were used for transporting cargo on the Euphrates River. This cargo included livestock, beer, wine, textiles, lumber, stone, metals, dried fish, vegetable oil, and other cargo. In June about 2900 BC during the annual inundation of the Euphrates River, the river was at crest stage. A six-day thunderstorm caused the river to rise about 15 cubits (22 feet) higher and overflow the levees. By the time the river began to rise, it was already too late to evacuate to the foothills of the mountains 110 miles away. Ziusudra boarded one the the barges that was already loaded with cargo being transported to market. The runaway barge floated down the Euphrates River into the Persian Gulf and grounded in an estuary at the mouth of the river. After m oving to dry land, Ziusudra offered a sacrifice to a Sumerian god on an alter at the top of a temple ziggurat, an artificial hill. Later, story tellers mistranslated the ambiguous word for hill as mountain. The story tellers then erroneously assumed that the nearby barge must have grounded on top of a mountain. Additional details in the reconstructed legend about Ziusudra (Noah) can be found in the Noahs Ark book. Answers to Creationists argumentsNoahs flood is the keystone in the belief system of the young-earth creationists who believe the flood was global and created massive geological changes in the earths crust. But there was no global flood. Creationist arguments are printed here in boldface:According to Genesis 7:19-20 all the high mountains under the whole sky were covered with flood water. The waters prevailed above the mountains, covering them 15 cubits deep. The reference to 15 cubits (22 feet) refers to the draft of the ark. Mountains is a mistranslation of the Hebrew word harm meaning hills in this context. The King James Version of Genesis 7:19 translates hills correctly. There is no mention of draft or deep or depth in the Hebrew text of Genesis 7:20. A literal translation from Hebrew is Five ten cubits upward rose the waters and they covered the hills. Note that hills is not in the same clause as cubits or rose. The 15 cubits was how much the water rose, not how deep the water was. The depths would be different at different places. The tops of the hills in the clause and they covered the hills were less than 15 cubits above the normal water level during the annual inundation and were therefore covered when the water rose 15 cubits higher. Under the whole sky means within Noahs visible horizon. All of the hills within Noahs visible horizon were covered by the water when the river rose 15 cubits. If the flood water had been more than ten thousand cubits deep, the authors of Genesis would have said so. Fifteen cubits is consistent with a local flood. The flood continued for more than one year. This cannot be reconciled with a local-flood theory. If nothing could be seen but the tops of mountains after the waters had subsided for 74 days, we must conclude that the flood covered the whole earth. All commentators have assumed that the flood mentioned in Genesis 7:6-17 was the same as the deep waters that lasted more than a year. But nowhere in Genesis 8 is the word flood mentioned. Noahs encounters with deep water were in two phases: a river flood phase that lasted less than a week and a deep water phase that lasted a year. The river flood floated Noahs barge down into the Persian Gulf and the barge floated about the deep water of the Gulf for a year. The deep water that Noah experienced for a year was not a flood; it was the deep water of the Persian Gulf. The tops of hills above the water surface are commonly called islands. If only islands could be seen after the water became more shallow for 74 days, it means only that Noahs barge was still several miles or more from the shore and dry land beyond the horizon. Deep water in the Persian Gulf for more than a year is consistent with a local river flood. According to Genesis 7:11, all the fountains of the great deep were broken up. The great deep refers to oceanic depths and underground reservoirs. Presumably, the ocean basins were fractured and uplifted sufficiently to pour water over the continents. This continued for five months. Such vast and prolonged geologic upheavals in the oceanic depths cannot be reconciled with a local flood theory. Instead this upheaval was global. The Hebrew word baqa translated as broken up in the King James version is translated burst forth in the Revised Standard Version and New International Version. The Hebrew word mayan for fountain can also mean a well or spring which share a common meaning: a source of water. References to sources of sea water breaking or bursting may have meant only that water from the Persian Gulf was bursting onto the shore during a storm. This frequently happens along a seashore during a storm. Noah and the others could not report on oceanic depths because they would have no way of knowing what was happening at oceanic depths. Bursting of Gulf water onto the shore during a thunderstorm was a local condition. The Ark was unusually large. For Noah to have built a vessel of such huge magnitude simply for the purpose of escaping a local flood is inconceivable. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the Uni EssayCould Noah have been so ignorant of the topography of southwestern Asia, where the highest mountains of the world are located, as to actually think that the Flood covered all the high mountains everywhere under the heavens (Genesis 7:19), when it really covered only a few foothills?Noah may have known about the Zagros Mountains 110 miles east of Shuruppak. But since he could not see beyond the horizon, he would have no knowledge of whether the Zagros Mountains were flooded or not. He reported only what he could see and he could see only sky and water, because he was several miles from shore. From Noahs point of view, the whole world was flooded and all the high hills (less than 15 cubits high) were covered. Note that the word hills is used in the King James Version of Genesis 7:19. Mountains is a mistranslation in other versions of Genesis 7:19. A flood in Armenia 17,000 feet deep while Egypt or India were not flooded would be a more incredible miracle than anything implied by the traditional understanding of a universal flood. The flood water rose 15 cubits (Genesis 7:20) and had no connection with a 17,000 foot mountain. Mountains is a mistranslation. The flood covered hills not mountains. Additional creationist arguments are answered in chapter 13 of the Noahs Ark bookFrequently Asked QuestionsQuestions are in bold face. Answers are in regular type. Was Noahs flood story fiction or fact?Much of the flood story was fiction, but there was a real river flood on which the original flood legend was based. Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah was listed in the Sumerian King List and therefore may have been a real person, but there is no hard evidence that Noah/Ziusudra existed. Was there a global flood?No. The flood of Noah was a Euphrates River flood in southern Sumer similar to the flood of 1985 in southern Iraq. The earth in Genesis 7:17-18 refers to the ground/land in the flooded region, not the entire planet. Did the ark ground on Mount Ararat?No. Mount Ararat was not involved in the original flood legend. The ark grounded in an estuary at the mouth of the Euphrates River. The mountains of Ararat got involved in the story because Noahs son Shem traveled on foot to the mountains of Ararat after the barge grounded. Story tellers confused the mountain that Noahs son visited with the hill on which Noah offered a sacrifice. The ark never came close to a mountain. But doesnt the Epic of Gilgamesh have the ark grounding on Mount Nisir?No. The word KUR usually translated Mount can mean mound or country. The river barge grounded on a mound of mud or sand in an estuary at the mouth of the river. When did the flood occur?The Euphrates River flooded about 2900 BC at the end of the Jemdet Nasr period and the beginning of the Early Dynastic period. This river flood left a few feet of yellow mud in Shuruppak and a few other Sumerian cities. Polychrome pottery from the Jemdet Nasr period was found immediately below this flood lawyer. Hence Noah/Ziusudra reigned during the end of the Jemdet Nasr period. The flood layer has been radiocarbon dated to 2900 BC. How did Noah build such a large boat without help?He had lots of help. Noah was a king and kings delegate responsibility to managers who hire workmen to do the job. Noah did not build the ark with his own hands. How could a wooden ark 450 feet long withstand the stresses from a storm and not break up?The ark was not a mono-hull galleon, it was an array of small flat-bottom pontoons roped together. Large modern river barges are also assembled from dozens of small barges chained together. What was gopher wood?Gopher wood was a transliteration of gish gipar (meadow wood) or kupar (cypress wood). How could all species of animals fit in the ark?They didnt. All of the kinds of animals that Noah had in his stockyard were put in the ark, but these were domesticated ranch animals and there were less than 280 of them. How could the animals know when to come to the ark and where to find it?The owners of the animals had their herdsmen take the animals to the ark to be transported as cargo. Noah had his herdsmen load into the barge all of the livestock in his stockyards. How did Noah prevent all the other people in his city from boarding the ark?He didnt have to. The other people climbed high hills far from the river.These hills are not mentioned in Genesis 7:19-20 because they were too far from the river for Noah to see. Did everybody drown in the flood except Noah and his family? Are all the people of of the world descended from Noah?No. Everybody did not drown. Hundreds, possibly thousands of Sumerians drowned in the flooded area, but there were many thousands of survivors of Noahs river flood, even in his own city, and especially in distant lands not affected by the flood. Did people live to be more than 900 years before the flood?No. That was an ancient mistranslation of archaic numbers. Noah lived to be 83. How could Noah know years in advance that a flood was coming to provide enough time to build the ark?The ark was not built as a lifeboat. It was built long before the flood as a commercial river barge for transporting cattle, grain, and other cargo. Noah learned that the flood was coming only when he saw heavy rain falling. This was a few hours before the river overflowed the levees. Noah did not know the flood was coming when he commissioned building the river barge. How do you explain the conflict between the 1-year flood in Genesis 8:13 and the 6-day flood in Gilgamesh XI,129-131?There is no conflict. The river flood lasted 6 days. During the rest of the year the ark was drifting about the Persian Gulf. Genesis 8 refers to the waters and does not use the word flood or ocean or sea. Legends about Noahs flood can be found all over the world, such as the Hawaiian legend about the god Kane sending a flood and only Nuu escaped in a large boat that grounded on a mountain. Doesnt this prove that Noahs flood was global?No. Wherever there are rivers there are floods and local storytellers tell stories about these local floods. Later when Europeans taught the Genesis stories to the Hawaiians, local storytellers incorporated the name Nuu and the mountain into the older Hawaiian river flood story. How did the kangaroos get from Mount Ararat to Australia?There were no kangaroos in Noahs barge. Kangaroos are not mentioned in Genesis nor in Deuteronomy 14:4-18 where the kinds of clean and unclean animals are listed. But Genesis 6:19 says every living thing.Noah loaded into the barge every living animal that he had. He did not load any animals he did not have. The 15 cubits in Genesis 7:20 must refer to the draft of the ark when it grounded on Mount Ararat and cannot refer to how much the water rose. Otherwise how could only 15 cubits of water cover mountains?Mountains were not involved. Sumer was very flat. All the hills that Noah could see were less than 15 cubits high and therefore were submerged when the water rose 15 cubits. If the flood was a local flood, why would Noah bother with a boat? Why not just move the animals and family overland to the foothills of the Zagros mountains?Your hidden assumption is that Noah knew long in advance that the flood was coming. Actually he knew the flood was coming only when heavy rain began to fall. By then it was too late to travel to the mountains that were more than a hundred miles away. How did Noah know the flood was coming?During the annual inundation, the Euphrates River was at crest stage just below the top of the levees. When Noah saw heavy rain falling in the distance, he knew the river would be rising in a few hours. He did not have to be a metorologist to understand that the river would soon overflow the levees. Why did Noah offer a sacrifice after the ark grounded?It was the duty of ship captains to offer sacrifices to the gods at a local temple when their boats arrived safely. More questions are answered in chapter 12 of the Noahs Ark book. Noah was king of ShuruppakAccording to the Genesis version of the flood story, Noah was closely associated with animals. But he was not a mere shepherd or cattle rancher. In the Epic of Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah is repeatedly called a king or chief (lugal). According to the Weld-Blundell king list WB-62, Ziusudra (Noah) was king of the city-state Shuruppak. Lugal literally means great man and was normally a young man of outstanding qualities from a rich landowning family. The flood hero was a respected leader who spoke to the city people and the elders of Shuruppak according to Gilgamesh XI,35 and Atrahasis III,i,39-41. In the WB-62 king list, Ziusudra (Noah) succeeded his father as king of Shuruppak. The flood of 2900 B.C. deposited sediment in Shuruppak directly above artifacts from the Jemdet Nasr period. Hence, the flood hero was probably chief executive of Shuruppak during the end of the Jemdet Nasr period and the flood story began to circulate during the Early Dynastic I peri od that followed the flood. Shuruppak was then a capital city and a commercial center located on the Euphrates River. As head of the Shuruppak city-state government, Noah was probably a wealthy land owner. Wealthy people then invested in cattle and other domesticated animals and so apparently did Noah. A clue to what he did with these animals is found in Gilgamesh XI, 81-82: All I had of silver I loaded, all I had of gold I loaded into the boat. Gold and silver were not a common medium of exchange prior to minting of standard-weight coins in the seventh century BC. In earlier times, gold and silver were used largely by professional merchants and those involved in caravan trade. Possessing gold and silver, Noah was probably a merchant or government trade official before becoming chief executive of Shuruppak. Perhaps he owned a private merchanting business or managed foreign trade for his father, king of Shuruppak. Early in his career, Noah probably controlled large numbers of workers who transported livestock and other commodities in overland caravans and on small river barges to nearby cities. His workers may also have grown grain, hay and other crops near Shuruppak to feed the animals and to have surplus fodder and food to sell. Noah also had a vineyard (Genesis 9:20) which suggests he had a winery business. As a wealthy leader of the city-state Shuruppak, Noah would have access to the labor and materials needed to build a large commercial barge. Although popular versions of the story have Noah being ridiculed by the townspeople, actually the elders of Shuruppak probably encouraged and supported building of the barge under control of their own leader Noah, because they may have envisioned that the barge would substantially increase their own personal wealth and the wealth of Shuruppak. Noah promoted this vision and told the elders that the gods would shower plenty on you, an abundance of birds, a profusion of fish when the new barge became operational. For several weeks each year, Noahs barge probably hauled cargo to cities on the Euphrates River including the port city Ur then near the mouth of the river. Although surviving versions of the flood story suggest that the flood hero rode on the barge only once, and that the barge made only one voyage, it is not likely that the storm and flood happened at exactly the right moment to interrupt the barges maiden voyage. It is more likely that the barge was used many times to transport cargo, but without Noah on board. Kings have better things to do with their time than to ride on cattle barges. Only the final voyage was mentioned in the story, because that may have been one of the few times or the only time that Noah rode on the barge.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Viet Nam Essay Paper Example For Students

Viet Nam Essay Paper By Gerard ChretienTactics in Vietnam were an important factor in the victory of the Vietcong over the U.S. There were fundamental differences in their fighting methods, which the Vietcong were able to take full advantage of. The Vietcong used Guerrilla warfare, this meant that they used their knowledge of the area they were fighting in to hinder the U.S. The U.S army had been used to conventional warfare, in the form of bouts of fighting. Guerrilla warfare meant that they had to be constantly alert and Booby traps meant that many soldiers died and witnessed horrific deaths. This was naturally unnerving for the soldiers concerned, particularly so because many of the soldiers were young and inexperienced. The technology of the U.S was far superior to that of the Vietcong and yet it was ultimately ineffectual. One weapon, which the U.S thought would be important, was Bombs. At first the U.S bombed specific targets. When they realized that had little effect, they began blanket bombing, t his was known as Operation Rolling Thunder. Massive amounts of explosives were dropped on Vietnam, three times as much explosives was dropped than on Germany and Japan put together during World War 2. However, the Vietcong countered this with anti-aircraft guns, surface to air missiles, aid from soviet planes, and a network of tunnels. The U.S believed these to be simply to take cover from the bombing, in-fact they were also effectively used to ambush the U.S. Bombing had very little effect on the Vietcong it simply increased their determination, they in fact used it to their advantage by re-using unexploded bombs or shrapnel. The main tactic employed by the U.S was known as search and destroy. This meant hunting down and killing Vietcong. The Vietcong used a similar tactic called find and kill, although this was conceptually the same as search and destroy it was much more successful. One reason for this was that the U.S soldiers wore uniforms and were easier to pick out. Another re ason was that the U.S soldiers had to contend with Vietcong mines and booby traps. These included what was known as a Punji trap, which was a deep hole filled with spikes covered with poison of faeces. Another was the Bouncing Betty which was a mine under the soil with three prongs that when steed on would explode. It was extremely disconcerting for soldiers to know that their next step could be their last. This caused a whole host of mental problems for the U.S soldiers. Booby traps accounted for %11 of deaths and %17 of wounds in the war. The U.S used pacification, to win the hearts and minds of the South Vietnamese. This meant that help was given to the villages. Schools and hospitals were built. This policy was a success; many South Vietnamese remained in support of the Americans and were immune to the persuasive talk of communist infiltrators. However those who were already convinced as to the virtues of communism would not be swayed. The Vietcong used statistics such as the ta lly of American planes being shot down, in order to keep up morale and keep the troops faithful and devoted. The unbelievable dedication of the Vietcong soldiers was a major factor in the success of the communists. They increased their popularity by using infiltration techniques; this was very successful, as infiltrators were very hard to detect The Vietcong had a seemingly endless supply of soldiers, who would willingly die out of devotion to communism. Most Americans did not feel so strongly about the collapse of communism, and found the hell that soldiers had to go through quite unacceptable. The point is that the Vietcong were prepared for. The American population was lied to about the military strength of the Vietcong. Obviously propaganda was a vital part of getting people to join up. Lies were necessary, but they were not psychologically sound lies. The shock of finding that the Vietcong were an incredibly organized, strong and spirited fighting force crushed the morale of th e U.S. General Westmoreland (the top U.S commander in Vietnam) believed that the U.S could win a war of attrition. This was naturally unpopular with the troops and even more so with .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 , .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .postImageUrl , .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 , .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:hover , .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:visited , .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:active { border:0!important; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:active , .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5 .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u809a9296817d479af8a00fb78b2078c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern Witchcraft Essay We will write a custom essay on Viet Nam Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Free Essays on Music Support

Billions and billions of dollars later â€Å"Houston, we have lift off.† America has come along way in its developments thanks to the funds donated by the government, but how much are they doing to preserve our educational history? Everyday American’s find their society getting dumber and dumber. The government has slowly begun backing away from any involvement in the continuing downfall of American intelligence, not realizing that their lack of financial support is at fault. The government needs to start providing more schools, museums, and performing art centers with the education, funds, and support that they deserve. Music is the perfect art. It has movement, because it progresses over a set period of time. All musical works have a beginning and an end. However, music does not restrict the audience in the way that movies or graphic art does. The listener can create whatever image she or he wants to when listening to music. It is an art that appeals to the conscious mind, but the best music also appeals to the subconscious. No thought is required to enjoy good music, though it is often thought inspiring. The melodic sounds of certain types of music were proven to have a profound effect on the human brain. In 1998, a research team from the University of Wisconsin, headed by psychologist Dr. Frances Rauscher, had their incredible findings published in the Neurological Research magazine. Although their studies were performed on rats, according to that magazine issue â€Å"Their studies indicate that music training generates the neural connections used for abstract reasoning, including those necessary for understanding mathematical concepts†¦the work has strong implications for education and enrichment programs.† If the government provided funds to run such an experiment it would only make sense that they would finish it out and provide people with places to get such musical exposure. Would it not also make sense to aid the people re... Free Essays on Music Support Free Essays on Music Support Billions and billions of dollars later â€Å"Houston, we have lift off.† America has come along way in its developments thanks to the funds donated by the government, but how much are they doing to preserve our educational history? Everyday American’s find their society getting dumber and dumber. The government has slowly begun backing away from any involvement in the continuing downfall of American intelligence, not realizing that their lack of financial support is at fault. The government needs to start providing more schools, museums, and performing art centers with the education, funds, and support that they deserve. Music is the perfect art. It has movement, because it progresses over a set period of time. All musical works have a beginning and an end. However, music does not restrict the audience in the way that movies or graphic art does. The listener can create whatever image she or he wants to when listening to music. It is an art that appeals to the conscious mind, but the best music also appeals to the subconscious. No thought is required to enjoy good music, though it is often thought inspiring. The melodic sounds of certain types of music were proven to have a profound effect on the human brain. In 1998, a research team from the University of Wisconsin, headed by psychologist Dr. Frances Rauscher, had their incredible findings published in the Neurological Research magazine. Although their studies were performed on rats, according to that magazine issue â€Å"Their studies indicate that music training generates the neural connections used for abstract reasoning, including those necessary for understanding mathematical concepts†¦the work has strong implications for education and enrichment programs.† If the government provided funds to run such an experiment it would only make sense that they would finish it out and provide people with places to get such musical exposure. Would it not also make sense to aid the people re...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Kosmoceratops - Facts and Figures

Kosmoceratops - Facts and Figures Name: Kosmoceratops (Greek for ornate horned face); pronounced KOZZ-moe-SEH-rah-tops Habitat: Plains and woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 15 feet long and 1-2 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Quadrupedal posture; ornate skull with numerous horns and downward-curving frill About Kosmoceratops For years, Styracosaurus held the title as the worlds most ornately decorated ceratopsian dinosauruntil the recent discovery of Kosmoceratops (Greek for ornate horned face) in southern Utah. Kosmoceratops sported so many evolutionary bells and whistles on its massive skull that its a wonder it didnt topple over when it walked: this elephant-sized herbivores head was decorated with no less than 15 horns and horn-like structures of various sizes, including a pair of large horns above its eyes vaguely resembling those of a bull, as well as a downward-curving, bizarrely segmented frill completely unlike anything seen in any previous ceratopsian. As is the case with another recently discovered horned frilled dinosaur, Utahceratops, the strange appearance of Kosmoceratops can at least partially be explained by its unique habitat. This dinosaur lived on a large island in western North America, called Laramidia, that was demarcated and bordered by the shallow Western Interior Sea, which covered much of the continents interior during the late Cretaceous period. Relatively isolated from the mainstream of dinosaur evolution, Kosmoceratops, like the other fauna of Laramidia, was free to progress in its bizarre direction. The question remains, though: why did Kosmoceratops evolve such a unique combination of frill and horns? Usually, the main driver of such an evolutionary process is sexual selectionover the course of millions of years, female Kosmoceratops came to favor multiple horns and funky frills during mating season, creating an arms race among males to outdo one another. But these features may also have evolved as a way to differentiate Kosmoceratops from other ceratopsian species (it wouldnt do for a juvenile Kosmoceratops to accidentally join a herd of Chasmosaurus), or even for purposes of communication (say, a Kosmoceratos alpha turning its frill pink to signal danger).

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Commercial Marketing of Aloe Vera Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Commercial Marketing of Aloe Vera - Assignment Example [internet]). The two hundred plus phytonutrients are found in the gel inside the leaf. (Adams, Mike. How to Harvest Fresh Aloe Vera Gel. NaturalNews.com. [internet]). It is said that the hair can generally benefit from Aloe Vera. The plant cures the scalp from whatever it suffers by balancing the level of acidity, getting rid the pores of unclean elements and stops too much loss of hair, among others. Most of all, Aloe Vera reduces seborrhea. The rejuvenating and regenerating characteristics of Aloe Vera help make the skin constantly moist and hydrated. (Aloe Vera Plant History Uses and Benefits. DISABLED WORLD. [internet]). These are the elements which are likely the ones enhancing hair growth and rehabilitation. In an article, it is suggested that aloe juice be applied and massaged into the scalp for its good health every day before going to sleep. This must be done for a month and the application of the gel should be direct from the stem leaving the aloe on through the night. It m ay then be rinsed the next morning during shower. (Ni, Maoshing. Natural Tips for Gray Hair, Hair Loss, and Dandruff. Ask Dr. Mao. Dec 08, 2009. Yahoo! Health. [internet]). The observations seem to imply that the use of Aloe Vera as a healing medium should be in its fresh stage. This may be so because it is claimed that laboratory findings show that the ingredients of the plant no longer have beneficial effects after being processed. (Aloe Vera. Aloe Vera Guide. [internet]). It is also necessary to state here that there have been so many testimonials about the use of Aloe Vera having succeeded in re-growing hair but there is no scientific basis for this yet. (Aloe Vera. herbs at a glance. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. National Institutes of Health. [internet]). One account says that a grandmother told stories of Aloe Vera being used to treat split ends, dandruff and falling hair. (Aloe Vera Express.com. [internet]). Another article straightforwardly say s that it prevents hair loss. (Berry, Yulia. The Benefits of Aloe Vera and How to Use. Aloe Your Miracle Doctor. Aloe Vera and Handy Herbs. [internet].). There are theories that Aloe Vera helps hair growth because of what nature has provided for its contents. Aloe Vera gel naturally gives moisture and nutrients to the scalp healing it or making it healthier. The gel can be applied direct from the leaves or in commercial forms duly preserved. (Bradley, Charlie. Does Aloe Vera Help Hair to Grow Again. eHow. [internet]) The proposal in this feasibility study is the commercial marketing of Aloe Vera gel for hair care, restoration or rehabilitation. It is thus necessary that the fundamentals of the planned project are premised above. Presumptions This project feasibility study will cover the whole process from cultivating to selling. A farm of five hundred hectares for Aloe Vera will be established in the Philippines, a country in Southeast Asia and which has sufficient historical proof that Aloe Vera has been a native in the land as evidenced by folklores. (History of Aloe Vera. 21st Century Aloe Vera. [internet]). The place is chosen firstly because of its reasonable labour cost and land rentals. The second reason is its proximity to Hong Kong which will become the jump-off point for the delivery of the finished product to the United Kingdom, the final destination for marketing. Gathering

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

INternational Corporate Communications in KFC Essay

INternational Corporate Communications in KFC - Essay Example Without effective communication, the business activities will become awkward and organisations will lose concentration on the operational goals. In the international corporate environment, majority of communication is external i.e. between organisation and customers, and without effective communication strategy, organisations will be unable to recognise market demand and ultimately lose effectiveness and market position (Smith & Et. Al., 1999). The paper describes the international communication strategies of KFC, which is a famous chain of fast food restaurants. The main focus of the paper is related to how KFC uses communication models, frameworks and theories in its business as well as how the company maintains its reputation and corporate ethics through proper communication media. The objective of the paper is to understand the importance and the aspects of communication in the international business environment and the way KFC has utilised those aspects in their business. Intern ational Communication Strategy International communication strategy is based on selecting the communication modes in a specific market. It is concerned about deciding communication themes in the international business environment. The choice of communication media can be achieved in terms of uniform method which indicates the application of same tool in every nation or identical selection method for selecting communication tools and media which are active in every market. Usually, an organisation requires differentiated approach as the international culture is different from nation to nation which can impact on the usage of media or availability of media (Morschett & Et. Al., 2010). The international communication strategies of KFC are targeted towards attracting the young customer segments. There are several communication tools available for an organisation in the international market such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing and personal selling. Adv ertising: Advertising is one of the most vital communication media used by marketers to enter in the international market. KFC has participated in several advertising cooperatives and developed advertisements for appealing customers. KFC had developed several humorous and Claymation advertisements as a means of communication. In advertisement communication, KFC uses differentiated approach by considering the culture of a country. For instance, in China, people prefer to maintain a family tradition such as admiration, care, assistance and friendship among others. Thus, the advertisements of KFC reflect the theme of common Chinese people. KFC applies localisation approach in their advertisement communication by considering the culture, values, and ethics of customers (YUM! Brands, Inc, 2010). Promotion: Promotion is the other communication media used by KFC to communicate about the products to the target customers. Promotion is the other method which can help to entice chicken lovers to the offerings of KFC. In order to attract young customer segments, KFC uses premium strategy i.e. providing gifts such as wristwatches, keychain, coffee beaker, T-Shirt, and toys. In several stores, KFC provides customers with numerous inducements to

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Delian League Essay Example for Free

The Delian League Essay Explain the methods used by the Athenians to transform the Delian League into the Athenian Empire. (25 marks) There is certainty no evidence to suggest that the Athenians had any long-term plans, in the years 479-470 BC, to change the Delian League into an empire, although from the beginning the potential to develop into an imperial power were there. Because from the beginning, Athens had considerable power as she was the permanent hegemon. The most important aspects involving the transformation of League into empire was the changing relationships between Athens and her allies, Pericles? mperial policy, Athens selsh self interest in gaining more power by using the Leagu   power and establishing laws onto her allies such as the Coinage Degree and the Chalcis Degree. These aspects had portrayed Athens? gradual alteration of the Delian League into an imperial power. Originally the Delian League was formed as an alliance of free and equal states. At there were only two types of members of the League; those contributing ships (larger states) and those contributing money. But over time when Persian threat were no longer in sight, allied states started to leave the League. Athens then force the allies back into the League as tribute paying subject allies. This caused these states to pay tribute with nothing in return and lost their autonomy. The event with Naxos, as they were the ? rst to leave, was a warning to other ally states of the consequences of breaking the oath of the alliance. Additionally, the use of the League? s power to reduce the state Thasos to subject status because of a personal quarrel with Athens, indicated a change in the nature of the League. And by 446-445 BC, there is no longer any doubt or pretence about Athens? imperial position. Although in the beginning, the Athenians did not aim for an empire, these events did however, depicts the starting point of the transformation of League into an imperial power. Furthermore, the boost of the deteriorating relationship between Athens and her allies can be seen between 450-446, when Athens launched a system of cleruchies, which were settlements of Athenian citizens on con? scated land of subject allied states. The establishments of cleruchies had cause much resentment from other Greek states towards Athens. According to Plutarch, this system had relieve â€Å"the city of a large number of idlers and agitators and raise the standards of the poorest classes†, but at the same time it implanted amongst the allies â€Å"a healthy fear of rebellion†. It also allowed Athens to gain more numbers of hoplites, as only Athenian men with money can become a hoplite soldier. This had increased the military force in Athens and had strengthened Athens? old on her empire, as they were located at strategic points in the Aegean. The worsening relationship between Athens? and her allies in the League is due to Athens? sel? sh self interest in developing her imperial power, and this had allow Athens to gradually grow into an empire. This sel? sh self interest can be seen after the Peace of Callias. At the aim of the League was, according to Thucydides, ? to compensate themselves for their losses by ravaging the territory of the King of Persia? but in 449 BC Persian lost the battle against Cimon in Cyprus and signed a peace treaty called   Peace of Callias. Although this meant that the League? s aim had been fullled, the Athenians argued that the Persians would strike again if the Greeks appeared weak. This argument from Athens had an underlying aim, that was so the Greeks states would not leave the League, or else Athens would lose its? power as hegemon and to continue to pay tribute to the League, or in a more accurate sense, to Athens. Athens? gradual sense of alteration of League to empire is also seen in Pericles? imperial policy. The end of the war with Persia and the 5 year truce with Sparta confronted Pericles with a major problem. Thousands of soldiers and sailors, previously away on summer campaigns and supported by League funds, were now unemployed. He used the Temples on the Acropolis that had been in ruins since the second Persian invasion as a way to deal with all the unemployments. However this required funds. Pericles then called on a Panhellenic conference of all Greek states of the mainland and the Aegean to discuss the rebuilding of all temples destroyed by the Persians and the security of the Aegean sea as an underlying intention to get support for the rebuilding of Athens? temples and for the recognition of the Athenian navy as protector of the Aegean. This excuse used by Pericles was to force the allies to continue their contributions in order to further his policies of carrying out a building program, developing democracy, and maintaining Athenian forces over a wide area. Plutarch records how Pericles? enemies, denounced his actions as â€Å"barefooted tyranny†. Pericles replied that â€Å"the Athenians were not obliged to give an account of how the allies? money was spent†, and as long as Athens provided the services paid for, she could use the surplus any way she wished. Therefore, the tribute from allies was not used for the Delian League, but to be used for Athens? interest in building up their city. By passing out laws, it had restricted Athens? allies of their freedom by obliging to Athens? rule. This is seen when Athens had passed out a Coinage Decree in 450-446 BC, enforcing uniformity of coinage, weights and measures among the members of the League. This measures had made trade much easier to handle, it was a further example of the allies? loss of freedom. Furthermore, the Chalcis Decree, issued after the Euboean cities revolted, required the inhabitants to take an oath â€Å"not to revolt against the Athenian demos† and â€Å"to be obedient to the Athenian demos†, which revealed no doubt that the original members of the League were now very much subjects of an imperial power. In conclusion, Athens? gradual transformation of the Delian League into the Athenian Empire can be seen in the deterioration of her relationship with her allies due to her arrogant actions on bene? ting her own interests, Pericles? imperial policy which further his policies of carrying out a building program, developing democracy, and maintaining Athenian forces over a wide area, but also the establishing of laws onto her allies such as the Coinage Degree and the Chalcis Degree. There is no evidence to say that the Athenians had any long-term plan in turning the League into an Empire, but according to Thucydides, Athens had â€Å"three very powerful motives security, honour and self-interest†, which were the reasons why the Athenians took control of an empire. These events and actions by Athens had led the Delian League, which was once an alliance of free and equal states, into a tyrannical imperial power known as the Athenian Empire.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Athletes, and Sports - Benefits of Supplements in Athletic Training Ess

Athletic Benefits of Supplements The Development of drugs and supplements used by mankind has evolved from what it once was in its early stages of existence. As with all man-made things, it is said that anything made by man can be improved (Moore, p35). With this concept, almost anything in nature can apply. In this case, the development of anabolic supplements and the human body. In the later years, the usage of supplements in sporting events have helped athletes achieve new goals which could not have been accomplished through training alone. With the Human body, there is only so much room for improvement until a limit has been achieved in the progress of a persons developments. With these limits in the development in the human body, certain frustrations can result from witnessing no benefits in physical training. Even for those individuals who are ill and plague with a disease, the usage of supplements can aid that individual back to health. The same reasoning can be applied to a bodybuilder who has reache d his maximum and can no longer attain new goals. But certain questions arise when the usage of supplements are in to play, "Do they (supplements) actually working?","Are supplements hazardous to the health?","Are the supplements just a waste of money and don't benefit anything?". All of those questions are what the developers of chemist, doctors, and training consultant take into consideration before actually creating a new product or recommending someone to use supplements. The question that I would like to answer for myself, "Are supplements actually beneficial in attaining new gains and do they genuinely produce results?" The answer ... ...d talk to someone who knows and a doctor to see if any of them could prove to be lethal to you. Otherwise, those interested in quick results, see what products work best for you. Works Cited Mero, A. "Leucine supplementation and intensive training" Sports Medicine (1999) McBride JM "Effect of resistance exercise on free radical production" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (1998) Bryant, Cedric Ph.D. "Mind And Muscle Power, INC." General Media Communications (2000) "International Journal of Sports Medicine" Human Kinetics (1999) Crag, W.J. "Guardian of our health/ Journal of the American Dietetic Association" (1999) Long, Renee. Interview with worker at GNC (General Nutrition Center) (2000) Peña, Jimmy MS. "Mind & Muscle Fitness" Weider Publications, INC. (2000) Kwembe, Terfa "Supplement and Weight Diary" (2000) Athletes, and Sports - Benefits of Supplements in Athletic Training Ess Athletic Benefits of Supplements The Development of drugs and supplements used by mankind has evolved from what it once was in its early stages of existence. As with all man-made things, it is said that anything made by man can be improved (Moore, p35). With this concept, almost anything in nature can apply. In this case, the development of anabolic supplements and the human body. In the later years, the usage of supplements in sporting events have helped athletes achieve new goals which could not have been accomplished through training alone. With the Human body, there is only so much room for improvement until a limit has been achieved in the progress of a persons developments. With these limits in the development in the human body, certain frustrations can result from witnessing no benefits in physical training. Even for those individuals who are ill and plague with a disease, the usage of supplements can aid that individual back to health. The same reasoning can be applied to a bodybuilder who has reache d his maximum and can no longer attain new goals. But certain questions arise when the usage of supplements are in to play, "Do they (supplements) actually working?","Are supplements hazardous to the health?","Are the supplements just a waste of money and don't benefit anything?". All of those questions are what the developers of chemist, doctors, and training consultant take into consideration before actually creating a new product or recommending someone to use supplements. The question that I would like to answer for myself, "Are supplements actually beneficial in attaining new gains and do they genuinely produce results?" The answer ... ...d talk to someone who knows and a doctor to see if any of them could prove to be lethal to you. Otherwise, those interested in quick results, see what products work best for you. Works Cited Mero, A. "Leucine supplementation and intensive training" Sports Medicine (1999) McBride JM "Effect of resistance exercise on free radical production" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (1998) Bryant, Cedric Ph.D. "Mind And Muscle Power, INC." General Media Communications (2000) "International Journal of Sports Medicine" Human Kinetics (1999) Crag, W.J. "Guardian of our health/ Journal of the American Dietetic Association" (1999) Long, Renee. Interview with worker at GNC (General Nutrition Center) (2000) Peña, Jimmy MS. "Mind & Muscle Fitness" Weider Publications, INC. (2000) Kwembe, Terfa "Supplement and Weight Diary" (2000)

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Compare and Contrast Fresh Foods vs. Canned Foods Essay

Eating is something us as humans do everyday. We live in a world where it is important to eat. We choose what we are going to eat, and what we eat affects our bodies. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the differences between eating fresh foods instead of canned foods. The main differences between both are flavor, health benefits, cost, accessibility. The differences between these two kinds of foods are their flavor. Fresh foods have that great flavor and taste because they keep all their natural conditions, where as canned foods lack of its flavor because of their chemical processes that are added to the natural foods. It is known that the fresh foods will have a great taste and flavor when consumed because of the time in which they have been prepared. Most canned foods are now available in low-salt, no-salt, low-sugar, and no-sugar preparations for those with special dietary needs or for those who want more of a natural flavor. It’s also a way to have a similar taste of fresh foods. Many doctors say that eating fresh foods are the best, followed by frozen, and then canned foods. Canned foods are last because of the heat involved in the processing process. Canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also be tinned with many chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could also become toxic if consumed too much. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans show that individuals eating diets higher in fresh foods have a lower risk of chronic disease. Another difference is that fresh food provides all the fiber, vitamins and minerals that are needed for your body to function normal. Fresh foods in grocery stores are picked before being fully ripened so that it will stay firm during its shipment. With canned foods, they are often left to fully ripen before harvesting, resulting in a higher nutritional value of the ripe produce before canning, however since this process method involves lots of process, some nutrients, such as vitamins B and C go down and the relative levels decrease resulting in having lots of sodium. Canned foods have more of sodium adding to them than fresh food. Too much sodium in the diet contributes to increased blood pressure, a risk factor that could lead to lots of chronic conditions. Fresh foods have almost no sodium in them because they don’t get processed the way can foods do. There are thousands of canned food products that are available in every state, lending convenience to those with a very busy lifestyle. The sodium content in commercially canned foods has been significantly reduced, up to 40% over old canning methods. After talking about the three differences between buying fresh foods and buying canned foods. In the end, it comes down to a your personal choice, based on the time each person has, amount of money he/she has to spend on food. Therefore it is important that you consider your possibilities and chooses the best type of foods for your lifestyle. But, of course, fresh foods straight from the garden or farm will always remain the healthiest and have the most nutrition. But for those we don’t have time to grow and produce fresh fruits and vegetables, canned products may be worth considering. http://www.livestrong.com/article/260270-nutrition-differences-canned-foods-vs-fresh-produce/

Sunday, November 10, 2019

New Age Music and Religion

New Age music was first introduced in 1964, when Tony Scott recorded â€Å"Music for Zen Meditation.† In the years that followed this impressionistic music became popular in California, but was not sold nationally until the 1980s. Windam Hill is the largest producer of New Age music, grossing some thirty million dollars in 1987, but many competitors have recently come into the market. There is a wide variety in style of New Age music, but very often it is dreamy music associated with nature. Typical would be that of Paul Winter who on his saxophone accompanies the sounds of humpback whales, timber wolves, and eagles – letting them â€Å"create† the melody. Other New Age music features the sounds of waterfalls, ocean waves, and crickets (Rhodes: 133).But despite the increasing support of many people to New Age music, its critics also have their own arguments about it. What is New Age music really about and what are the critics’ arguments about its associati on to religion? All of these and more are discussed as we go along the context.Reflection and AssessmentBecause it is much a decentralized movement, it is difficult to assess the impact of New Age. There is no doubt that it has already has a powerful influence on Western society, but its future is impossible to predict. Is it a passing fad that will be largely forgotten in decades to come, or is it a movement that has only just begun to gain momentum? In reference, Brooks Alexander writes in Christianity Today: â€Å"Is this just another diversion of New Age, or is it something more enduring?† There are many â€Å"faddish† characteristics of the movement, but fads have sometimes developed into time-honored traditions (Kemp:135).Indeed, there are many signs that New Age on the whole is gaining a powerful foothold in society that will not quickly pass away. This position is gaining credibility among secular scholars. According to Carl A. Raschke, a religion professor at the University of Denver and a student of the movement, New Age is â€Å"the most powerful social force in the country today† (Tucker: 351).New Age CriticsBy the early 1990s, there was a myriad of Christian critiques of New Age. New Age had replaced ’secular humanism’ as the enemy of traditional Christians. Other Christian anti-New Age works include Douglas Groothuis’ three-part series beginning with Unmasking the New Age (1986) and Walter Martin’s The New Age Cult (1989) (Kemp:135). Innocuous ‘New Age music’ is also condemned for encouraging people to reflect on religion and culture that is not explicitly Christian. John Newport, for example, insists that it is ‘†¦satanically inspired†¦ [and thus] theologically wrong in its roots and in the effects it hopes to achieve’ (Partridge: 255).The mainstream churches have tended to be less overtly hostile in their official responses to New Age than some of the smaller t he innovative approach to spirituality. However, their knowledge of New Age is often based on works by Evangelical or fundamentalist Christians and is strongly colored by them (Kemp: 135).New Age PerspectiveThere is a strong spiritual dimension to the New Age. It is not only interested in contemporary philosophies but in ancient wisdom, drawing in an eclectic way from Eastern and Western spiritual-religious traditions, with a contemporary blend of psychology and ecology and a profound interest in such things as metaphysics and sacred geometry. Some New Age movements foster a mystical approach. It can fit within the category of non religious spiritualities, and for some adherents it is like an alternative to religion. For others, New Age practices harmonize with their religious beliefs (Wilber: 348).The New Age is particularly concerned with lifestyle and health. It means a range of human needs from immediate wellbeing to a sense of connectedness with others and the world, and to mea ning in life. It also has a commercial dimension catering to consumer spirituality; some practices at the market end of the New Age can be regarded as part of the self-help industry (Tucker: 350).The literature on New Age highlights diversity and spirituality. While beyond our scope here, an appraisal of the spiritual scope of New Age remains an important part of any critical exploration of the contemporary spirituality that affects young people (Kemp: 134).The New Age is mainly an adult and young adult interest. Nevertheless, adolescents and children will be inquisitive about it when they encounter it in the culture. They may well try some practices as part of their experimentation in identity and spirituality. What is likely to appeal to young people is the fluid and non-institutional appearance of the New Age; it does not prescribe beliefs but is based on individuals piecing together their own spirituality to suit their needs and interests. Also attractive would be its existentia l and lifestyle focus, and its holistic notion of the integration of mind-body-spirit (Crawford and Rossiter: 223).Summary and ConclusionCertain critics may not agree with the music of New Age but it doesn’t deny the fact that a lot of people also patronize the music. Personally, I think New Age music soothes someone’s mood and relaxes a tired mind. Association to religion is optional and should not make other people get bothered about the idea. It’s just a matter of opinion, whether or not to accept New Age music or not.Works Cited:Crawford, Marisa, and Graham Rossiter. Reasons for Living: Education and Young People's Search for Meaning, Identity and Spirituality. A Handbook. Camberwell, Victoria: Aust Council for Ed Research, 2006.Kemp, Daren. New Age: A Guide : Alternative Spiritualities from Aquarian Conspiracy To. George Square, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004.Partridge, Christopher H. The Re-Enchantment of the West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture. Vol. 2. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005.Rhodes, Ron. The Challenge of the Cults and New Religions: The Essential Guide to Their Doctrine, and Our Response. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2001.Tucker, Ruth. Another Gospel: Alternative Religions and the New Age Movement. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1989.Wilber, Ken. Up from Eden: A Transpersonal View of Human Evolution. Wheaton, Illinois: Quest Books, 1996.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Make Time to Be Solitary

Make Time to Be Solitary Loneliness expresses the pain of being alone and solitude expresses the glory of being alone. ~ Paul Tillich Books take many hours to write, which gives the public the impression that writers are lonely, solitary creatures. The average person cannot stand being alone. However, its next to impossible to be alone anymore. Im not talking about people interference, though that is an issue. How often do you write without access to the internet? Your phone? Earbuds or background music? Most writers arent solitary. On the contrary they usually cannot stand not to be connected. And maintaining that connection means you are not completely alone which could be impacting your writing. You may think you need the noise, connection, or music because your brain cannot take the concept of being totally shut off from it. Youve convinced yourself you need that accompaniment. Truth is, being focused on one, intense thing like creative writing is a challenge. We multi-task so much these days that we have lost touch with single-tasking. If we are too long silent online, or do not answer our phone, other people worry. Actually, when people are able to slide away into solitary mode and remain there a while, other people become concerned about broken, abnormal behavior. You arent depressed, are you? In reality, all the stimuli we cant keep up with might be more the cause of said depression. Suzanne Degges-White, a psychology professor at Northern Illinois University, says: â€Å"You can’t make good decisions if you don’t ever give yourself time to reflect.† And â€Å"if you’re constantly engaged in the world, it’s harder to make space for those moments of genius.† Resource: https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/sc-fam-need-for-alone-time-1225-story.html Gaming  on your phone is not alone time. Background music is not alone time. Anything conflicting with alone time saps brain function. Find time where nothing is required of you. Absolutely nothing. Regenerate with alone time, then try writing with nothing else active around you. Attempt pure, unadulterated thinking about your story. This allows your writing to pour instead of fighting its way around the distractions.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Dealing with Cleanliness in the Classroom

Dealing with Cleanliness in the Classroom Its important to keep and maintain a clean and tidy classroom environment for a number of reasons. A clean classroom helps to minimize the spread of germs. It also helps to avoid the offending smells that may linger throughout the day. When you have over 20 children all breathing the same air, that air is filled with bacteria and the smell of food from the childrens snacks and lunchboxes. This can all potentially give you health problems if the classroom is not kept clean. Besides the negative impact it may have on your health, its always a good idea to keep your classroom clean to show students the importance of living in a clean environment. Following are some ways to maintain a clean classroom, along with a few maintenance tips. Use Cleanup Monitors Children are well-known for leaving a mess and forgetting to pick up after themselves. Oftentimes, children will clean up their messes but only if teachers remind them to do so. Teachers spend a lot of time picking up scraps of paper off the floor or finding books left in places where they shouldnt be. This precious time should be spent instructing students, but it often falls on the teacher to clean up. To solve this problem and take back your teaching time, try passing some responsibility off to your students. Heres how to implement cleanup monitors: Assign one student (who is in a row or in a group of desks) the job of the before-class monitor. His job is to check the desks in his section before class even starts. If he finds anything, he reports it to the teacher.Assign another student the job as a monitor. Her job is to check the desks and the surrounding area after each lesson or activity. If she finds anything under someones desk, she must politely ask the student to pick it up. If the student doesnt listen, the monitor then reports to the teacher for further instructions.Assign a third student the job as a checker. His job is to check anything that the before-monitor or monitor missed throughout the day. Rotate jobs each week so that all students get a turn at each of the three jobs. This system works very well for elementary students. You will find that by using this system you will have a lot more instructional time. It also instills good cleaning habits in your students, simultaneously teaching them responsibility. Keeping Your Classroom Tidy Offer a reward, such as a.homework pass, as an incentive for keeping the inside and outside of students desks clean. You can also try the following strategies: Each day before school lets out, crank up the music and have a cleaning party.One of the main problems teachers have is paper on the floor. Keep a recycle bin close to each section of desks to eliminate this problem.Cover desks in newspapers if you are going to glue or paint to help eliminate a mess.To avoid clutter, designate certain areas of the classroom for students to keep their belongings, such as lunch boxes or backpack. Cubbies or hooks on the wall work well for this. Further Resources If you looking for more information and tips for classroom organization, learn how to teach responsibility with classroom jobs or take over a classroom at any point during the school year.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Understanding the Impact of the Three Strikes Laws to Offenders and to Essay

Understanding the Impact of the Three Strikes Laws to Offenders and to Law Enforcement - Essay Example Since the court can impose a very high penalty when the offender is convicted for the third time, most offenders would be more careful not commit another offense, especially after the second strike. Over the years, different states across the country have adopted the three strike laws. At present, the following states implement this law Washington, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Indiana, Kansas, Nevada, North Dakota, Arkansas, Georgia, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Florida, Tennessee and Virginia (White, 2006). The effects of the three strikes laws and their implementation vary from state to state. Some states require that all three crimes committed should be violent crimes while others apply the three strike laws if the two previous crimes committed by the person is either serious or violent or both (White, 2006). For instance, in the state of California, if a person has been convicted three times, that person may be given the mandatory 25-to-life sentence (Zimring, et. al., 2001). The harsh punishments given to habitual criminals helped cut the crime rates especially in the state of Califo rnia (Reynolds, 2004). Although the enactment of the three strikes laws provides strong deterrent to committing crimes, these laws also have weaknesses and these weaknesses often create problems in the implementation of the laws. According to critics, a large number of repeat offenders actually slip from the law without being charged so they may not be subjected to the three strikes law (White, 2006). Critics of these laws believe that the application of one-size-fits-all sentence to repeat offenders is unfair and unreasonably harsh (Reynolds, 2004).  

Friday, November 1, 2019

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Final project - Essay Example Unless controlled, these conditions constantly prompt more noteworthy ethnic and racial competition and to more noteworthy political, social, and economic oppression. According to Barusch (264) racism is a modern phenomenon that has been in place for a longer time and it aims at alienation and exploitation of both economic and social state of the victims. I come from a metropolitan area and for that reason the area is home to all races of the world. In the past years, there has been conflict between different races living within the area. The situation around the area can trace its roots back to the time when the area was growing with establishment of industries and other social amenities. There was a huge movement of people from other regions of the country seeking employement and better social amenities. In return, there was an increase in population which was made up of different races. With time, differences started rising among individuals from different races. There are those who felt to be more superior to others. The main races that have greatly been affected are the African-American and the Latinos. The racism is highly manifested in the places of work, educational facilities, and among social amenities like restaurants and places of worship. The African-Americans particularly have been victimized more than other races as th ey are the minority within the area. The plan against racism will take place in three main area; Educational institutes, social places, and in the public places. The idea is to create social awareness and ask people to stand against racism. The following people will be involved in the program; The program will run for a month and will be taking place daily running from Monday to Saturday. The use of the Ying Yang will be very instrumental as our tool or instrument of communication. The Yin Yang is known globally to represent two

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

What Factors Influence Gang Behavior Research Paper

What Factors Influence Gang Behavior - Research Paper Example In order to be able to solve this problem, it is important to study the reasons or the root causes of gang behavior with the intention of trying to prevent new gang membership, while at the same time embarking on a mission to dismantle the already existing ones. This paper is a critical evaluation of the factors that influence gang behavior. Factors that Influence.Human beings are born innocent, free of sins and incapable of making any decision. However, as they continue to grow, they are faced with numerous challenges raging from family issues to other environmental factors, which influence their innocent minds either into becoming responsible persons or the worst of criminals in the society. To begin with, parents contribute a significant percentage towards the success or failure of a child in terms of behavior. This is due to the fact that they act as immediate role models and a source of inspiration for their growing children. It is for this reason that Carlie (2002) observes tha t poor parentage is a major contributing factor to gang behavior. For example, if one or both parents are gang members, more often than not, it becomes likely that their children will follow that route. This may be worse in families that are dysfunctional and which are characterized by numerous cases of domestic conflicts and child abuse. The rationale of this assertion is that if a child is subjected to these factors, he will grow up believing that violence is a virtue and unless this mentality is changed through proper guidance and counseling, then, the child would have neither a reason nor the guts to refrain from joining violent organizations. Outside family circles, growing up children and youths are influenced by peer pressure to engage in antisocial behavior, which may include gang membership. Peer pressure refers to the powerful influence that a group of people in the same age group have on each other. In this context, it has been noted that people tend to acquire the behavi ors of other members of their social groups as a way of trying to fit into those groups. This factor has been blamed on other negative behaviors such as alcohol and drug abuse, fornication, among others and gang membership cannot be excluded from this list. According to myelsie.org (2010), â€Å"young people are very susceptible to peer pressure.† One reason for this is that young people always want to identify with friends and when it comes to choosing between friendship and conscience, most of them will definitely choose friendship even if it means that they would have to tolerate and involve themselves in criminal activities. In the US, it is a fact that gang membership is highly prevalent in schools and even if a child comes from a family that is opposed to gang membership and activities, he or she may end up joining the gangs so as not to be rejected or harassed by his or her peers (myelsie.org 2010). Poverty is blamed for numerous atrocities and gang behavior is one of such. Everyone wants to lead a comfortable life, to drive beautiful cars, drink high quality beer or wine, to live in a luxurious home among others. Whereas it is difficult for a normal civilian, especially from poor neighborhoods, to acquire these items, it is highly

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Indian Television Reality Programmes Kaun Banega Crorepati Media Essay

The Indian Television Reality Programmes Kaun Banega Crorepati Media Essay In India, reality shows hosted by celebrities have become salient execution strategy to make the show successful, where top Indian celebrities host different reality shows apart from endorsing several brands. This research paper has tried to find out the factors which affect people choice towards different reality show. Later by taking one very popular Indian reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati efforts have been made to understand that among two stalwarts of Indian celluloid world Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan who is the better host of the show and why? Q score technique has been used to understand the same. Focus group discussion containing people from different demographic variable was conducted to understand the reason of variation in viewership of this show from 2000 to 2012.Further; this research can be treated as a base for celebrity selection for hosting a reality show or brand endorsement by producer/directors/marketers advertising agency. Introduction India is one country, which is known to idolize the stars of the celluloid world.  Therefore, it makes tremendous sense for a TV show/ reality show to engage a celebrity for its hosting. In India, there is an exponential potential for a celebrity hosted event to be perceived as genuinely relevant and entertaining, thereby motivating viewers to come for watching it. The impact of the celebrity on a viewer depends upon the likability of viewer regarding the celebrity. Some celebrities have a huge fan following thats why they are able to attract more people for their respective show/s, ultimately increasing the viewership of that TV show/ reality show. 21stcentury has witnessed the advent development of a lot of technologies. Due to the advent of technology, it becomes easier for people to take the advantage of the same. The role of television as a media is increasing day by day. These days we can see a lot of people opting for DTH, therefore, now we dont have to rely on the cable to see the programmes on television. Due to this the viewership of people has increased to a greater extent. There was a time when people enjoyed watching religious serials, educational programmes, movies songs which provided entertainment. However, the meaning of entertainment seems to have changed and now a day reality shows have become the flavor of small screen. The small screen has been flooded with reality shows, namely X Factor, Just Dance, Little Champs, MTV Roadies,  Emotional Atyachar, Ratan Ka Rishta,  Comedy  ka maha mukabala, MTV Stunt Mania, Kaun Banega Crorepati, etc. and the list goes on. Moreover, most of the reality shows have been hosted by one celebrity or other. The basic assumption behind celebrity hosting the reality show is that the value associated with the celebrity is transferred to the brand of the reality show and therefore helps to create an image that can be easily referred by viewer. Henceforth, by association of celebrity with the reality show can very quickly establish the credibility, get immediate recognition and improved viewership. However, there are so many risks associated with such celebrity hosts. The viewership could slide down drastically just as quickly as it moved up the viewers mind due to some problem in celebrity image, career graph etc. Literature Review (Khatri, July-Dec. 2006) has opined that the celebrity endorsement does not itself guarantee sales. It can create a buzz and make a consumer feel better about the product, which in turn has to come to expectation of customers as a real star by delivering the promise. (Ibrahim, 2010) observed that using celebrity where the measurable results of such high cost strategy do not justify the amount of money that companies spend on utilizing celebrities. The allocated budget for using celebrities needs to be reallocated in other marketing areas such as marketing research and marketing insights to understand customers needs in more details. (Datta, 2010) has concluded that there are lots of challenges involved in finding the right celebrity match with product or service. Further, he opined that for the success of celebrity endorsement right fit between celebrity and band endorsed is must. (S.K.Dube, 2011) has observed that in India now a day, the use of celebrity endorsement/advertising for companies has become a trend and a perceived as winning formula of corporate brand equity building and products/ services marketing. The use of celebrity for brand promotion is increasing day by day but it cannot be treated as an assured strategic tool to enhance market share, demand of the product or even profit because it mainly depends upon suitability of celebrity with a product and brand as well. (Kineta Hung, 2011) from a survey involving 1,030 respondents has found that consumer celebrity worship is a significant antecedent to endorser effects; over-endorsement by a celebrity is an important moderator; and this model is robust across field like sports and entertainment celebrities. (Gouranga, 2011) concluded that celebrity is an important factor of interest to generate more positioning of interest in the minds of consumers rather than message and background set up at the time of recall in advertisements. So celebrity acts as an effective component of advertisement to make the advertisements more effective. (Jayant Sonwalkar, 2011) observed that in a country like India, celebrities act as major opinion leaders and since awareness levels are low, celebrities play a major role in brand recall. Celebrities are helpful in initiating a desired state need among people. The respondents usually pay attention to those advertisements using celebrity icons. The study conducted by him also revealed that to some extent celebrities initiate an action to buy that product. (PiligrimienÄ-, 2011) has found that the sport celebrity can be used when its possible to find a link between the product and sport, or when the company wants its customers to relate the product with the sport, active and healthy life style. (Ogunsiji, 2012) has pointed out that Global brand endorsements demand a global brand management team. Thus regional and international organization is in place to maintain brand leadership through proper effective celebrity endorsements. So, companies with large brand portfolios need to have separate managers for each brand and its promotion. Aim and objective of the study: In this fast changing world, viewers preferences towards reality shows are increasing and they are finding these reality shows as a good source of entertainment. Most of the reality television programmes are getting good response due to their respective hosts. How much an effective a particular host is? Does the response of viewers vary due to change of celebrity host? Is the personality of the host is matching with the personality of television programme which is being hosted by respective celebrity? This study can help the sponsors and producers of programmes to choose an appropriate host for their reality show. Further, this study can help in enhancing the viewership of reality programme. Objectives of the study 1. To know the factors affecting consumer preference towards Indian reality shows 2. To study the reason of variation of viewership in program Kaun Banega Crorpati between year 2000 to 2011 3. To study the compatibility of host personality (Amitabh Bachchan Shahrukh Khan) with respect to Kaun Banega Crorpati Need of the Study Reality shows has become important part and parcel of the peoples life. Presently, we can see that Indian television channels are flooded with reality shows. Now, most of the channels which want more TRP are coming up with a new reality show. Competition in this field has also increased manifold. So, producers of the reality shows are looking to hire super stars for hosting their shows. Producers are spending millions of rupees on hosts. Different people have different perceptions regarding the celebrity hosts. Some people might enjoy seeing a particular host in a reality show, but some people do not like that host. Every celebrity has his/her own personality. A marketer needs to know that whether the hosts personality is matching to the personality of the program he is hosting or not? This research can help the marketer to know that what kind of host would be appropriate for his show. If the marketer can make the right choice in selecting the host for his programme, he can beat the competition and can achieve higher TRP for his/her reality programme. Scope of the Study: The scope of study is confined to Indian reality programs and data has been collected from people residing in Jalandhar and Phagwara region of Punjab. In this study, researchers have taken one of the most popular Indian reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati. This study has tried to find the factors which affect the viewers preference towards Indian reality shows. Further, researchers have tried to find the reason of variation in viewership of Kaun Banega Crorepati from 2000 to 2011. Research Design: In this study, by and large descriptive research design has been followed. Researchers have tried to discover the insights that how the host personality is affecting the viewers preferences towards the Indian reality shows. Survey method with the help of structured questionnaire has been used for the data collection and the data collected has been analysed quantitatively, which also qualifies that the research design of the study is descriptive in nature. Researchers have also tried to find out the various reasons of variation in viewership for this researchers have conducted one focus group discussion to find out the aforesaid objective. So, the research design is also exploratory in nature to some extent. Sampling Design Target Population: People residing in Jalandhar and Phagwara, who watch Indian reality show like Kaun Banega Crorepati Sampling Technique: In this research, Convenience sampling has been used. This is a type of Non Probabilistic sampling. As everyone dont watch reality programme like KBC, so only those people have been surveyed who watch these programmes. Sample Size and data collection: In this research, Sample size of 300 respondents from Jalandhar and Phagwara city of Punjab region has been collected. Researchers have used structured questionnaire for this purpose. In the questionnaire, five point Likert scale has been used to measure the attitude of respondents. Few dichotomous questions have also been used to understand respondents behavioral pattern. A focus group of 11 people consisting different age group and occupation was conducted to find out the reason of variation in viewership of KBC during 2000 to 2012. Secondary data has been collected from Internet, books, periodicals, magazines etc. Time period of Data: The data is collected in between the time frame of month January 2012 to June 2012 across Phagwara city and Jalandhar city and its suburbs. Pilot testing: Researchers have done pilot testing by using convenience sampling technique. A sample of 35 was taken for this purpose. A questionnaire containing Likert Scale was instrumented for this purpose. Reliability testing for the pilot survey was decent with Cronbachs Alpha 0.697. Some necessary changes as per requirement were made in the questionnaire after conducting pilot survey. Data Analysis: Demographic variables like Gender, Age, and Occupation etc. have been used for profiling the respondents. Along with it, profiling also has been done on the basis of variables like does respondent watch reality programmes on television, does respondent watch KBC etc. From literature survey, lots of variables have been found which affect the viewers preference towards Indian reality shows. Factor analysis has been used to identify the important factors out of several variables. Apart from this, a Focus group has been conducted to know the reason of variation in viewership of KBC from 2000 to 2012. Brief Summary of tools used for analysis: 1. Descriptive Statistics: For profiling of the respondents 2. Factor Analysis: To identify the important factors affecting viewers preference towards Indian reality Show 3. Q Score: To understand the host compatibility with popular show KBC 4. Focus Group: To understand the reason of variation in viewership of KBC from 2000 to 2012. Frequency Distribution Frequency distribution of the 300 respondents has been displayed who prefer to watch different reality shows. Chart I: Frequency distribution of most favourite television reality show Source: Researchers Survey Out of 300 respondents, 127 respondents has identified Kaun Banega Crorepati as their most favourite reality show on Indian television channels. Moreover, in response of another question, researchers have also found that all the 300 respondents were aware of Indian television reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati and they have watched it at least once. 2. Can you tell the names of celebrities who have hosted the show? Researchers provided different options of celebrities name for this question, in which again all the 300 respondents were able to answer this correctly. Respondents were able to identify both hosts of KBC Amitabh Bachhan and Shahrukh khan. 3. Who is the favourite host Amitabh Bachhan or Shahrukh khan for KBC. Chart II: Frequency chart of favourite host Source: Researchers survey Researchers have found out that out of 300 respondents 254 repondents have chosen Amitabh Bachchan as a favourite host only 46 respondents have chosen Shahrukh Khan as their favourite host. FACTOR ANALYSIS Factor analysis has been performed to know which are the important factors which affect respondents preference towards watching Indian reality show. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 348 respondents, after scrutiny researchers have removed 48 questionnaires due to errors in response. The data based on Likert scale, which was meant for measuring respondents preference was entered into SPSS data sheet. Before applying Factor analysis Reliability test was performed and then data was subjected to Factor analysis by using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method. KMO Value which determines the sample adequacy was found .816 which was highly satisfactory. Varimax rotation for orthogonal factors with Kaiser Normalization was considered to get the % of variance explained for 13 statements in the questionnaire. To find the relevant factors Eigen value of greater than 1 was considered. A table of Rotated Component Matrix has been generated with the help of SPSS and three factor s were derived. Here, Factor loading above 0.50 has been considered for Factor analysis. Then, the factors have been derived based on the statements that have gone into each factor. The list of factors along with the supporting statements has been displayed in Table I. Table I: KMO and Bartletts Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .816 Bartletts Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1.322E3 Df 78 Sig. .000 Source: SPSS Output of Research Study Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test is applied to check out the adequacy of data. Here, it has been found more than 0.816, which is more than desired value of 0.5. Table II :Rotated Component Matrix Component 1 2 3 1.Influence of host personality .079 .070 .857 2.For the sake of knowledge -.034 .445 .662 3.Just for Enjoyment .326 .264 .331 4.Come on my favourite channel .786 .190 -.094 5.Because of peer influence .856 .208 -.032 6.Family Influence .816 .142 .135 7.Perfect timings .611 -.061 .467 8.Content of the show .054 .289 .629 9.Match with my personality .302 .529 .260 10.Like the way of portraying .359 .099 .070 11.For viewers questions .271 .709 .158 12.Challenge human capabilities .083 .854 .094 13.Platform for common people .150 .730 .243 Source: SPSS Output of Research Study Table III: Factor List Channel, peer family influence Competition and Connect with common people Host Knowledge Come on my favourite channel Match with my personality Influence of host personality Because of peer Influence For viewers questions For the sake of knowledge Family influence Challenge human capabilities Content of the show Perfect timings Platform for common people Source: Researchers Survey Description of the factors Factor 1, refers to, Channel peer and family influence and contributes to 33.978% variance. This factor is described in terms of Favorite channel, peer influence, family influence, and perfect timing of the show telecast. Factor 2, describes the Competition and Connect with common people contributes to 14.352% variance. This factor refers to Questions for viewers, challenge human capabilities, match with my personality and platform for common people. Factor 3, focuses on Knowledge and content and it contributes to 8.865% variance. This factor includes statements like influence of the host personality, for the sake of knowledge and content of the show Focus Group discussion to find out the reason of variation in viewership of KBC: To find out the reasons in variation of the viewership of reality show KBC, focus group was conducted. In focus group, 11 people from different age group and back ground were selected. Main finding of the focus group has been summarized below: It was observed during the discussion that, Change in the host of KBC from Amitabh Bachchan to Shahrukh Khan for Kaun Banega Crorepati has a great inverse impact on variation in viewership. During focus group participating people noted saying that Amitabh Bachchans personality matches with the personality of show. Most of the people felt that, Kaun Banega Crorpati is a kind of Quiz show where seriousness of the host, proper discipline and intellectuality of the host is required. These all qualities are possessed by Amitabh bachhan, which can be attributed to the success of Amitabh Bachchan as a host of KBC. A lots of other reality shows like Dus Ka Dum, Khatron Ke Khiladi etc. came on silver screen after the intial success of KBC, which also impacted the viewership of KBC. However, most of the Quiz show hosted by other super stars was similar in nature. Four participants of focus group discussion who were female observed that as KBC was coming on Sony television from 9 PM to 10 PM on week days, and a lot of family serials were also being telecasted on different television channels on same time slots. Here, these female participants felt that they preferred watching family serial rather than KBC. Five participants, who were doing jobs, found that KBC show used to come on working days and these people after coming exhausted from office looking for some light entertainment programmes, they were not interested in watching a show where they need to apply their mind. It was also observed that most of the participants were agreeing that voice quality, overall personality and matureness of Amitabh bachhan was very good which was lacking in Sahrukh khan as a host of KBC, however later was observed charming and informal. Q score Technique Applying the Q score technique to determine the familiarity, popularity and compatibility of two stalwart (Amitabh Bachhan and Shahrukh khan) among Indian celebrities as a host of KBC based on feedback from the respondent of different demographic backgrounds will be very useful and relevant for producers and directors in identifying and selecting the appropriate celebrity as a host of their respective reality shows. Q score to help choose the right celebrity host for reality show Q Score is normally used by marketing firms to select the right celebrity for endorsing their product/ services and determining the popularity ranking of the celebrities as per the consumers response. The Q score answers the question how appealing and popular is the celebrity among those who do know him or her? Advertisers and advertising agencies can refer to Q rating score of a celebrity for choosing the right celebrity. In this process, respondents are asked to indicate two things first Whether they know (heard / seen) about the selected celebrities? Secondly, if respondents answer yes- then the respondents are being asked to rate the celebrities on a five point Likert scale scale that includes Favourite, Very Good, Good, Fair and Poor. Calculating Q ratings:- Q rating is calculated by taking the number of respondents who indicate in questionnaire that a celebrity is FAVOURITE and that number being divided by the number of respondents who indicate that they know (heard/ seen) of that Celebrity. Here, researchers have calculated Q score to check the compatibility of host personality (Amitabh Bachchan Shahrukh Khan) with respect to Kaun Banega Crorpati. Q scores for Amitabh Bachchan: A= How many people know Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBC/ Total number of respondents Here, all 300 respondents were aware about Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBC So A= 300/300 = 1 B= How many respondents rate Favourite/ total number of respondents As, 184 respondents answered favourite Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBC So, B=184/300 Q Score = B/A= 184/300*100 = 61.3 Q scores for Shahrukh Khan: A= How many people know Shahrukh khan as a host for KBC/ Total number of respondents Here all 300 respondents were aware about Shahrukh khan as a host for KBC So A= 300/300 = 1 B= How many respondents rate Favourite/ total number of respondents As, 70 respondents answered favourite Shahrukh khan as a host for KBC So, B=70/300 Q Score = B/A= 70/300*100 = 23.3 Analysis: Based on survey researchers found that Amitabh Bachchan has a Q score of 61.3 Shahrukh Khan has a Q score of 23.3. Generally Q score more than 50 is considered good. This indicates that Amitabh Bachchan is a better host for Kaun Banega Crorepati rather than Shahrukh khan. Summary of research findings Compatibility of host personality with the reality show is one of the most important factor for the success of reality show. Apart from compatibility show timing, nature of show, content of the show also contributes towards success of the show. Factor analysis concluded that Channel peer and family, competition connect with common people and knowledge content are the important factors which affects viewers preference towards watching reality show. Through Focus group, it was found that as a host of KBC, overall personality and matureness of Amitabh Bachchan was very good which was lacking in Sahrukh khan as a host of KBC, however later was observed charming and informal. This is one of the main reasons of the success of Amitabh Bachhan as a KBC host. Based on focus group, researchers came to conclusion that the reasons of variation in viewership of KBC between 2000 to 2012 are timings of the show, change of host of show, coming up of new reality shows, the content of the show is same from last five seasons which has created a boredom, increase in the number of channels etc. Based on Q score analysis survey researchers found out that Amitabh Bachchan has a Q score of 61.3 Shahrukh Khan has a Q score of 23.3. This indicates that Amitabh Bachchan is more popular host for Kaun Banega Crorepati rather than Shahrukh khan as per respondents. Conclusion After conducting this research, it can be concluded that competition connect with common people, Channel, peer family influence and Knowledge content are three important factors which affect the viewers preferences towards Indian reality shows. Apart from the fact that KBC is being hosted by Amitabh Bachchan, reality show like KBC has become popular due to the reason that it is a platform for common people which also increases the knowledge of the audience. Researchers also concluded that the reasons of variation in viewership are primarily due to the timings of the show which was not appropriate since the show was earlier telecasted in a time slot of 9 PM-10 PM. Moreover, this time slot was also commonly used by many channels to telecast their best performing programme. People were in a habit of watching Amitabn Bchchan in the KBC as a host, but in the third season Shahrukh Khan came into picture and the TRP of the show fell drastically. Most of the people perceive Amitabh Bachch ans personality to best match with the show and change in the host personality resulted in sharp decline in viewership. Practical Implications This research will go a long way in helping the advertising agency, directors producers of reality show who can make this research a basis in selection of the right celebrity for endorsement and celebrity as host for reality shows. Moreover, this research shall also work as a reference for further academic research in this area. Limitation of the Research Although, this research has achieved its objectives, there are some unavoidable limitations. First, due to time constraints, small sample size of 300 has been chosen. However, for generalizing the results, larger sample could have been better. For Factor analysis, randomly chosen respondents would have been better choice but as population of area where research has been conducted is on larger side, so listing of the population becomes cumbersome task. In addition researchers have moderated and noted the finding of focus group discussion themselves, some amount of subjectivity cannot be ruled out. Future Research The scope of this research study may be further enhanced by incorporating different reality show in the research. This research can also be extended further for deciding celebrity for endorsement purpose.